热那亚共和国

时世艰难，一度辉煌的热那亚共和国已经衰落。

The once-glorious republic of Genoa had fallen on hard times .

大约在同一时期，都灵（意大利）附近的一个名为Chieri的小镇在文艺复兴时期制作牛仔布裤子，并在16世纪开始流行。这些裤子在热那亚港出售，那里是独立的热那亚共和国的首都。

At around the same time , denim trousers were made in Chieri , a town near Turin ( Italy ) , during the Renaissance , and were popularised in the 16th century . These trousers were sold through the harbour of Genoa , which was the capital of the independent Republic of Genoa .

中世纪时，热那亚共和国和比萨共和国都非常强大。

The Republics of Genoa and Pisa were very powerful in the middle ages .

热那亚与威尼斯共和国交战多年，并于1381年在基奥贾战役中遭受毁灭性打击，热那亚实际上已经破产。

After years of war with Venice and a crushing defeat at the battle of Chioggia in 1381 , the state was effectively bankrupt .