必需基因

数百万年来，必需基因并没发生多少变化，而“垃圾DNA”却带上了很多无害的突变。

Over millions of years , essential genes haven 't changed very much , while junk DNA has picked up many harmless mutations .

因此，抑制这些必需基因的功能性表达成为防治家蚕感染BmNPV的一种有效策略。

Therefore , inhibition of the essential genes functional expression is an effective method to prevent silkworm from suffering BmNPV .

甲硫氨酸氨基肽酶负责切除新生肽链N端的起始甲硫氨酸，其编码基因是细胞存活的必需基因。

Methionine aminopeptidase ( MAP ) is responsible for removing N-terminal methionine from nascent peptides and the gene is essential to the cell .

杆状病毒DNA聚合酶基因属于杆状病毒早期基因，是杆状病毒复制的必需基因。

Baculovirus DNA polymerase gene belongs to an early gene of baculovirus . It is a necessary gene required for replication of virus in insect cells .

本研究主要是为了鉴定含有TTA密码子的必需基因。

The aim of this study is trying to identify the essential gene which containing a TTA codon .

以上结果显示：ChiA、CP两基因为病毒复制非必需基因，且通过ChiA、CP两基因的失活，使家蚕杆状病毒表达系统表达外源蛋白的水平有了一定的提高；

The above result showed : Chia and CP gene were not essential for virus replication , and by inactivating ChiA and CP gene , the expressing level of foreign protease of BEVS was improved .

结果表明：（1）TK基因是PRV复制的非必需基因，TK基因失活不影响病毒的正常增殖。

From above , we could draw the conclusion : ( 1 ) TK gene is non-essential gene to the replication of PRV , and the deletion of TK gene does not interfere PRV replication .

PRV的蛋白激酶（PK）基因是PRV体外生长和复制的非必需基因，却是病毒神经毒力的必需成分。

Protein kinase ( PK ) gene is one of the main virulent genes of PRV , and it is essential to the propagation of PRV in the nerve tissues , but dispensable for virus replication and infection in other tissues .

杆状病毒非必需基因的结构与功能

Functions and structures of nonessential genes of baculovirus

必需基因的计算预测回避了昂贵且有难度的实验筛选，将帮助我们进行抗菌药物开发。

Computational prediction of essential genes circumvents expensive and difficult experimental screens and will help antimicrobial drug development .

疱疹病毒非必需基因多，具有较大的容纳外源基因的能力，是良好的活病毒表达载体。

Herpes virus with more nonessential genes can contain the big size of the inserted sequences , and is good live virus vector for expressing foreign gene .

另一方面，要清除垃圾则很麻烦，需要大批的蛋白质来删除每一个“死基因”或转座因子——同时还得保证不会伤及必需基因。

To subtract junk , meanwhile , would require swarms of proteins to chop out every single dead gene or transposable element - without chopping out an essential gene .

本论文的主要内容是原核生物蛋白质编码基因识别以及通过序列比对的方法确定微生物的必需基因。

This paper describes a little improvement in recognizing protein-coding genes in bacterial genomes using the Z curve method and also tries to use the BLAST to identify the essential genes in microbes .

利用流平衡分析对模型实施单基因敲除和双基因敲除，成功预测了模型内的必需基因、非必需基因以及致死基因对，同时模拟了菌种的分批培养。

With flux balance analysis , batch culture of Y. lipolytica was simulated . Single gene knockouts and double gene knockouts were also simulated to predict the essential genes , non-essential genes and lethal gene pairs .

这些结果表明CyclinH在斑马鱼早期胚胎发育中是一个必需的基因。

These results indicated that Cyclin H played a critical role in the regulation of the transcriptional machinery during MBT , suggesting that it was an essential gene in early zebrafish larval development .

同时许多c3植物都含有数种c4光合作用必需的基因，但利用方式均不相同。

Many C3 plants , meanwhile , have several of the genes needed for C4 photosynthesis , but do not use them in the same way .

构建肿瘤特异性增殖腺病毒主要有两种方法：一是利用肿瘤特异性启动子控制病毒复制必需的基因，如控制腺病毒的E1A基因等。

One is to use tumor-specific promoters to control the expression of viral genes essential for replication , such as adenoviral E1A gene .

HBV基因有4个开放阅读框，其中HBx基因是HBV感染和复制所必需的基因，编码基因位于1374～1838核苷酸之间，全长465bp，其表达产物为17kDa（154个氨基酸）的X蛋白。

Human hepatitis B virus encodes 4 overlapping reading frames . Among them HBx gene , which spans nucleotide positions 1374 to 1838 ( 465bp in length ) in the viral genome , is essential for HBV infection and replication .

结论：氮氧自由基引入GP中，使其衍生物抗氧化作用大大增强，必需活性基因为NO基和NOH基。

CONCLUSION : Introduction of nitroxyl radical moieties into GP generated potent derivatives with antioxidative activity . The essential antioxidation active groups of spin labeled derivative of GP are NO or NOH group in nitroxyl radical moieties .

结论及意义：通过以上实验结果我们得到以下结论：AK2是昆虫生长发育所必需的基因；AK2定位在线粒体，通过促进细胞增殖和调控相关基因的转录来参与昆虫的生长发育。

AK2 , located in mitochondria , is involved in the growth and development of insect through promoting cell proliferation and regulating gene transcription .

Y染色体上存在精子形成所必需的基因。

And there are essential genes for sperm formation on the Y chromosome .

高含量人体必需氨基酸基因的化学全合成

Chemical synthesis of a gene coding for high essential amino acids of humans

c&onc参与细胞生长、细胞分化及胚胎发育的调控，为生命必需的基因。

C-onc participates in regulation of growth and differentiation of cells and embryo development , it is a kind of essential gene for life .

精准治疗的概念，就是检验每个患者的肿瘤，找出对肿瘤生存变得必需的基因突变，然后选择靶向药物对抗突变–杀死肿瘤。

The idea of precision medicine is to test every patient 's tumour , find the mutations that have become essential for it to survive and then select a targeted drug to counter-act the mutation - killing the tumour .

结论：cDNA微阵列技术可显示细胞在诱导分化中多基因的差异表达，这些差异表达基因是大鼠骨髓基质细胞在增殖和成骨分化诱导中所必需参与的基因。

Conclusion : The cDNA microarray technique can be used to show the multi-gene differential expressions in the differentiation-induced rat BMSCs , and these differentially expressed genes are necessary genes related to rat BMSCs proliferation and induction of osteoblastic differentiation .

腺病毒载体广泛应用于基因治疗和转基因研究，目前常用的E1E3缺失型复制缺陷腺病毒载体虽然失去了病毒复制必需的E1基因，但载体上的其它病毒基因仍能在宿主细胞内表达。

E1 / E3 deleted replication defective adenovirus ( Ad ) vectors are widely used in gene therapy and transgenic research . Although the replication related E1 gene has been deleted , there is still some residual gene expression which may disturb cellular homeostasis .

这些结果表明，chlP是植物叶绿素生物合成所必需的，该基因在植物生长发育及非生物逆境应答中起着重要作用。

The results indicate that CHL P is required for chlorophyll biosynthesis , and it plays an important role in growth and development , and abiotic stress response in plants . 6 .

利用MAS，首先必需找到与抗病基因稳定连锁的标记，而有关该基因的分子标记国内外尚未见报道。

Making use of MAS , first step , molecular marker linked to smut resistance gene must be selected , but it was still not reported in the world .

筛选新的药物靶点可以通过抑制HBV复制必需的一个基因或者保持HBV所引起的ATR损伤途径中的一种失调反应。

We have designed a strategy to select new drug targets that inhibit a cellular gene required for HBV replication or restore a response stalled by HBV in the ATR DNA damage pathway .

标记辅助数量性状育种的前提是必需明确有利数量基因在高育种价值材料的分布。

A definitude result , whether the target QTL was being among high breeding value varieties ( QTL distribution ), should be known , which is prerequisite for marker-assisted breeding for QTLs .