外法线

光照曲面的外法线调整算法研究

Study of the algorithm to adjust external normal line on shading-surfaces

在散度定理中的约定是，将曲面的定向取为外法线的方向。

The convention in the divergence theorem is that we orient the surface with a normal vector pointing always outwards .

形函数对空间坐标的导数及空间坐标下的子域边界外法线方向使用张量变换得到。

The derivatives of the shape functions of the spatial coordinate are pushed back to the material coordinate by a tensor transformation .

针对地磁环境特点，忽略磁场对结构位移的影响而仅考虑位移对磁场的耦合作用，通过将位移梯度引入变形后界面外法线矢量的方法来实现力磁的耦合作用。

Effect of mechanical deformation on the magnetic fields was taken into account by coupling structural displacement into the perturbed magnetic fields continuous conditions on the boundary of the structure .

为保障航空发动机的可靠性，要求精确测量发动机叶片不同界面处的内、外表面法线方向的厚度。

Precision measurement of blade wall thickness along the common normal of inner and exterior surfaces is required to guarantee the reliability of air engine .

对过双曲线外一定点的法线作图问题作了探讨，提出了几何作图法的不可解性及优化法解的不全性。

This paper discusses the drawing of hyperbola normal through a point outside the hyperbola and points out the unsolvability of geometric drawing method and the unintegrality of optimization method .