冗官

裁抑冗官的措施及其流向。

The measures to cut down redundant officials and its circulation ;

宋仁宗统治时期，为缓解财政危机，实行了以节省开支为目的的裁减冗官冗兵的措施：为增加财政收入，封建国家与大地主间也展开了争夺田税的斗争。

To relax the financial crisis , the country carried out measures of reducing government officials and soldiers to cut down expenses ;

从县的密度与官民对比看宋代冗官

On Redundant Official in Song Dynasty from Angles of the County Density and the Ratio between the Number of Official and Population

比如，当采取措施加强王室的权力时，他强调要简化国家机构，裁减冗官。

For example , while taking measures to strengthen the power of the imperial family , he made a point of simplifying state organization and reducing surplus personnel .

本文从制度&行为的视角比较详细地考察、分析了明朝官僚政治制度中官冗与官缺问题的几个方面。

This paper observes and analyses the problem of redundance and vacancy of officials in the bureaucratic political system of the Ming Dynasty , from the perspective of institution and behaviors ;