生产者剩余

标出价格、数量、消费者剩余和生产者剩余。

Label the price , quantity , consumer surplus , and producer surplus .

市场均衡时的消费者与生产者剩余

Consumer and Producer Surplus in the Market Equilibrium

解释卖者的成本，生产者剩余和供给曲线关系。

Explain how sellers'costs , producer surplus , and the supply curve are related .

消费者剩余和生产者剩余的减少通常会大于政府的税收。

And the reduction in consumer and producer surplus usually exceeds the revenues raised by the government .

用新图形说明消费者剩余、生产者剩余和总剩余。

Using a new diagram , show the new consumer surplus , producer surplus , and total surplus .

供给曲线以上和价格以下的面积衡量市场的生产者剩余。

The area below the price and above the supply curve measures the producer surplus in a market .

这种补贴政策如何影响消费者剩余、生产者剩余、税收和总剩余？

How does the subsidy affect consumer surplus , producer surplus , tax revenue , and total surplus ?

正如消费者剩余与需求曲线密切相关，生产者剩余也与供给曲线密切相关。

Just as consumer surplus is related to the demand curve , producer surplus is closely related to the supply curve .

在此基础上，品牌信用度的提高通过改变需求曲线的位置将使得均衡价格提高，且均衡数量增加，同时将会增加消费者剩余和生产者剩余，提高社会福利水平。

Furthermore , it will increase equilibrium price and quantity , and social welfare with increased consumer surplus and producer surplus .

在预期实现的需求曲线存在的前提下，垄断厂商的生产者剩余与消费者剩余以及社会总剩余，存在同向变动的趋势。

In the case of ' fulfilled expectations demand curve ', producer surplus of monopoly , consumer surplus and social total surplus will possibly vary on the same trend .

市场开放和有效管制导致竞争，而有效竞争可以同时增加生产者剩余和消费者剩余，进而最大化整个市场的社会福利。

Market liberalization and effective regulation leads to competition . And then effective competition increases producer plus and consumer plus at the same time , maximizing the social welfare for the whole society .

论文基于微观经济学中的生产者剩余和消费者剩余理论，推导论证了在对发电方和用户双侧开放的市场环境中，集中交易模式下采用全市场统一边际价格进行交易结算时产生交叉补贴的原因。

The producer surplus theory and consumer surplus theory were applied to deduce the cross subsidies among market participants in electricity pool under double auction mechanism , when market-wide system marginal price ( SMP ) was used as settlement rule .

进一步运用福利经济学原理，分析了铁路货运集中化前后消费者剩余、生产者剩余和社会总剩余的变化，得出铁路货运集中化会使社会总福利增加。

By the principles of economics , the change of consumer surplus , producer surplus and social surplus with railway freight transport integration was discussed , it is indicated that railway freight transport integration can make the social welfare increase .

协议供地政策与土地招拍挂供地政策相比，社会福利总剩余小于后者，消费者剩余有所增加，但是生产者剩余有所减少。

Agreement for the land policy and measures linked to shoot for the policy compared to the total social welfare surplus is less than the latter , the increase in consumer surplus , but the producer surplus to be reduced .

作为企业所有权组成部分的经营者剩余控制权和生产者剩余控制权依据边际收益等于边际成本的原则进行博弈，其结果必然使一部分权利落入公共领域，形成公共剩余权利。

According to marginal revenue equalizing marginal cost , there is a competition between manager remaining control rights and producer remaining control rights . As a result there must be a part of rights is belonging to the public field which is become public remaining control rights .

税收超额负担是税收效率分析的核心，它可以借助于消费者剩余和生产者剩余及无差异曲线进行分析，分析过程应更关注征税引起的价格变动的替代效应。

Tax excess burden is the core of analyzing tax efficiency , it analyses the problem with the help of consumer surplus , producer surplus as well as undifferentiated curve , we should concern about substitution effect that tax leads to price change in the process of analysis .

本研究运用福利经济学的分析方法，通过政府补贴作用于保险价格进而影响保险市场主体的福利，利用消费者剩余、生产者剩余和社会剩余衡量农业保险市场主体的福利变化。

The study focuses on welfare economics theory , through the principle that thinking the price subsidy will have effect on the agricultural insurance market , then we can adopt the change of consumer surplus , producer surplus and social surplus to measure the welfare change of market players .

利用帕累托最优和消费者（生产者）剩余理论对经济适用房建设的政策目标进行了经济学分析。

With the economic theories of Pareto optimality and consumer ( producer ) surplus , this paper explains the policy goals of economical housing .

从经济学角度出发，运用生产者与消费者剩余，分析了土地征用制度的市场效率；

Fromthe perspective of economic theory , this paper analyses efficiency of land expropriation systembyapplyingthe concepts of producer and consumer 's surplus .