垂直分工

垂直分工是发展中国家经济全球化的起点，但也蕴藏着巨大的风险。

Initiating economic globalization , vertical specialization in developing countries is full of danger .

但这只是资本全球化、区域经济一体化形势下，部门内非熟练劳动与技术交换的垂直分工形式，并不能说是水平分工。

However , against a background of capital globalization as well as regional economic integration , this is just one form of vertical specialization that exchanges technology with non-skilled labor force within industrial branches , but should not be regarded as a horizontal specialization .

对于以生产劳动密集型的低端产品为主导，处于国际垂直分工体系的最低端的原始设备制造商（OEM）而言更是严峻。

Leading to the production of labor-intensive low-end product , vertical international division system of the low end of the original equipment manufacturer ( OEM ) companies are even more severe .

论文的主要内容与框架结构安排如下：两岸产业正由“垂直分工”向“水平分工”转变。

The thesis is arranged as follows . The industries are divided horizontally .

我国旅行社垂直分工体系构建的主要障碍和对策分析

On the Main Obstacles and Countermeasures of Establishing Vertical System in China 's Travel Service

另一方面，韩国往往把投资地的产业纳入到其产业内垂直分工的体系中。

In addition , Korea has regarded Chinese industry as one sector in its vertical labor-division system .

东亚垂直分工网络与技术梯度研究&基于零部件贸易的视角

Vertical Specification and Technical Liers in East Asia : A Study based on Trade in Parts and Components

中新的产业内贸易并不是基于水平分工的产业内贸易，而是基于垂直分工的产业内贸易。

The intra-industry trade between China and Singapore is vertical intra-industry trade instead of horizontal intra - industry trade .

垂直分工、产业集聚与专业化优势&兼论长三角地区的制造业优势格局

Vertical Division of Labor , Industry Cluster and Specialization & Also on Structure of Industry Advantage of the Yangtze River Delta Region

从理论上来说，垂直分工体系的确是一种理想的、有助于规范市场秩序的专业化分工体系。

From the view of theory , the perpendicular division system is an ideal and helpful professional division system to regulating the markets order .

目前跨国公司采取水平分工和垂直分工并举方式，进行全球产业整合，将世界各国纳入一体化分工的网络。

Transnational corporations are undertaking a global integration of industries through horizontal and vertical divisions of labor , involving all nations into their networks .

指出了产业合作的水平合作、垂直分工和共生合作3种模式和组织内部网络化的4个阶段。生产者联合组织[协会]

Four stages involved in the inside networked course and three models including horizontal cooperation , vertical labor division and intergrowth cooperation are put forward .

10+3区域合作的有利条件在于其经济关系的互补性和国际分工所具有的从垂直分工向水平分工转化的特点；

On the basis of economic complementarity and transformation from vertical division to horizontal division , 10 + 3 will go ahead in the future .

为最大限度地获取垂直分工的利益，发展中国家在经济全球化的进程中总体上应选择外贸导向型经济发展战略，并在必要的时期辅之以外资导向型的经济发展战略。

For maximum profits from vertical specialization during economic globalization , developing countries should choose the strategy of foreign-trade-oriented economy , assisted with foreign-capital-oriented economy in times of necessity .

同时，提出了建立二、三级垂直分工体系相结合的营销渠道模式对东星国际旅行社的营销渠道进行重组和改造，以解决渠道成员间分工不明、管理混乱的问题。

Also he uses the mode of two and three class perpendicular cent work system existing at the same time to reform the marketing channel of East-star international travel Service .

旅行社营销渠道必须建立纵向上的二、三级并存的垂直分工体系，以实现营销渠道合理分工与扁平化；

The travel Service marketing channel must establish two and three class perpendicular cent work system existing at the same time , to realize the marketing channel reasonable cent work and flatting .

但此时的台商主力，已经从传统产业转向信息高科技，两岸产业分工也由垂直分工转向水平复合分工。

The bulk majority of this investment " fever " has spread from traditional industries to information and high-tech industries . And industrial distribution between Taiwan and mainland changed from vertical to horizontal .

我国旅行社业面临发展危机，而简单引用国外垂直分工模式已不能同信息技术发展相适应，代理制也只能使中小旅行社无所作为，而对旅游产品创新实行专利保护则面临法律方面的难题。

Travel service in China is now confronted with a development crisis . The vertical division of operation is threatened by information technology , the patent law of tourist products are to be established .

提出了青岛市特色产业发展战略与措施，应用产业地理集中理论为指导，辅之以产业垂直分工理论将青岛市特色产业落实到5个特色经济区。

On the basis of it , the paper puts forward the strategy and countermeasures of characteristic economy development . The author also divides Qingdao City into five characteristic economy regions according to the theory of industry geographical concentrating .

不同国家通过外包和分包专业化在产品内某环节生产，呈现出分割化、价值链切片的垂直分工格局，加速了国际产业转移和产业发展的进程。

Different countries specialized in certain production links through outsourcing and sub-contracting . The trade pattern shows " fragmantation " and " slicing up the value added chain ", which have accelerated the process of international industrial transfer and industrial development .

研究表明，我国旅行社分工体系目前已经不能适应国情的发展，但由水平直接过渡到垂直分工体系存在障碍，故提出适合我国国情的分工体系模式。

The investigation indicates : the dividing system in our country at present has maladjusted the development of our country condition , but transition to plumb system has obstacle , so we should put forward new dividing system suiting the situation of our country .

台商逐步把岛内趋于成熟的制造业、部分电子资讯业和服务业转移至大陆，两岸产业分工走向水平分工与垂直分工的混合模式。

Taiwanese investors have gradually moved their mature industries such as manufacture industry , parts of the electronic and information industry and service industry to the Mainland . A mixed model with both horizontal and vertical industrial division-of-labor across the Straits has come into shape .

海峡经济区将带来巨大的区域合作效应，要在农业、制造业、高新技术产业、服务业和海洋开发等方面建立垂直分工与水平分工相结合的产业分工合作体系；

The Straits Economic Zone will bring about enormous regional cooperation . The industrial division and cooperation system , which is combined with vertical division and horizontal division , will be established in agriculture , manufacture , high-tech industry , professional service and sea exploration .

引入垂直分工三级组织架构管理体系，为战略定位和目标实施提供保障。论文还针对港中旅整合方案的实施所需具备的条件以及文化的整合提出了一些建议。

Introduces the vertical division of labor third-level organization construction management system , provided the safeguard for the strategic localization and the goal implementation , the paper put forward some proposals for the condition which the cultural conformity and the conformity plan implementation should have .

传统的比较优势理论被认为只能解释通常发生在发达国家与发展中国家之间的产业间垂直分工和贸易，而主要在发达国家之间进行的产业内水平分工和贸易则需要用新贸易理论来说明。

The traditional theory of Comparative Advantage is considered as only explaining the inter-industry vertical trade that commonly exists between developed countries and developing countries . The intra-industry horizontal trade that mainly takes place within developed countries is thought to be explained by the New Trade Theory .

东部和中西部资源空间嫁接，以协作分工为基石，努力实现国内产业链的合理延伸和国内垂直分工结构的动态优化；

Secondly , on the benchmark of cooperation and specialization , the resource of east region and that of middle or west region should span the space and integrate harmoniously in order to get a efficient expand of domestic industrial chains and dynamic optimization of domestic vertical specialization structure .

但两国的国际分工关系仍具有明显的垂直型分工特点。

The international work division relationship between the two countries , however , is still characterized by a pattern of vertical division .

而专业化分工则是通过建立垂直专业分工体系使得每个企业聚焦在更为细分的专业市场上，从而提升企业在细分市场的占有率，也是优化市场结构的重要路径。

Specialization is based on the establishment of a vertical division , and each enterprise focuses on its segment market to enhance its market share .

国际外包是产品内的国际垂直一体化分工，其基础与传统的国际贸易形式一脉相承，比较优势、要素禀赋和规模经济都推动了国际外包的发展。

International outsourcing is an inter-product vertical work division . Comparative advantage , factor endowment and scale economy all can be the driving force of international outsourcing .

随着世界分工体系新格局的形成，具体表现为当代的国际分工正由垂直型分工向混合型分工转变，呈现出产业间分工、产业内分工和产品内分工并存的格局。

The new pattern of global division system has emerged with the change from vertical division to mixed division as well as the coexistence between inter-industries , intra-industries and intra-products .