可信承诺

权力与可信承诺&诺思的国家与经济绩效理论评析

Credible Commitment of Power & On North 's Theory of State and Economic Performance

共同知识与可信承诺

Common Knowledge and Credible Commitment

转型经济中的可信承诺问题研究

Studies on the issues of credible commitments in a transitional economy

可信承诺问题是转型经济体的一个重要问题。

The issues of credible commitments are critical for a transitional economy .

科斯定理与国家理论&权力、可信承诺与政治企业家

The Coase Theorem and the Theory of the State & Power , Credible Commitment and Political Entrepreneur

意大利应该做出可信承诺，拒绝向不参与交换的投资者偿付。

There should be a credible commitment not to pay investors who hold out against participating in the offer .

当完备的契约仅仅依赖于自我执行和可信承诺时，传统的契约理论逐渐被以后发展起来的不完全契约理论所替代。

The traditional contract theory has been replaced gradually by incomplete contract when the complete contract only depends on performance willingly and faithful promises .

权力和可信承诺是政治企业家理论的重要构成要素，对于把握政治企业家和制度变迁的关系具有重要意义。

Power and credible commitment are important building blocks of the theory of the political entrepreneur and could help grasp the relationship between political entrepreneur and institutional change .

本文将以转型经济中两类重要的可信承诺问题软预算约束问题和棘轮效应问题的有关模型研究来说明我们的观点。

The article presents view points through analyzing the models related to two important issues of credible commitments in a transitional economy , soft budget constraints and ratchet effects .

第三，社区有效的自然资源管理依赖于社区居民或农户在自然资源利用和管理方面的可信承诺，以及对于违规者的有效制裁。

Thirdly , the availability of local natural resource management in rural community depends on the credibility of households in using and managing local natural resource and the sanction to residents getting out of line .

而设计合理的110承诺制度，要考虑制度的供给、集体行动中个人的可信承诺和使用该服务的相互监督等问题。

Therefore , the establishment of 110 promise system needs the considerations about the need and supply of this system , the individual liable promise in collective action and the supervision over such a system , etc.

但有一点非常明显，核心元素必须是：各国央行独立性可以信赖；长期内对财政责任做出可信承诺；全球需求重新恢复平衡，不再依赖以前的高支出国家。

But it is perfectly clear what the core elements will have to be : credibly independent central banks ; a credible commitment to fiscal responsibility , in the long term ; and rebalancing of global demand , away from dependence on the high-spending countries of old .

因此，政府不能做出可信的承诺：不再插手金融崩溃。

For this reason , governments cannot credibly promise to wash their hands of a financial breakdown .

首先，欧元区必须做出可信的承诺，阻止危机在主权国家、银行和市场之间蔓延。

First , there needs to be a credible commitment to halt the contagion , for sovereigns , banks and markets .

各国都应做出可信的承诺，在中期内进行财政整合：主张缩减赤字的鹰派说得没错，如果要等到债券市场崩溃才行动，就太晚了。

All should make a credible commitment to fiscal consolidation in the medium term : deficit hawks are right that if you wait until the bond market hammer comes down , you have waited too long .

关于针对特定的量化通胀目标许下透明且可信的承诺，通常观点认为这为长期通胀预期提供了一种强有力的支撑，因此有利于直接实现稳定低通胀的目标。

The usual argument for establishing a transparent and credible commitment to a specific numerical inflation objective is that it provides a firm anchor for long-run inflation expectations , thereby directly contributing to the objective of low and stable inflation .

真正需要的是，任何给定的公司都有一批受到信任、意志坚定的骨干投资者，他们能够可信地承诺支持强有力的管理团队，同时向更广泛的投资界提供保证，以便做出有效益的投资决定。

The real need is for a cadre of trusted , tough-minded investors in any given company who can credibly commit to support strong management teams and to provide assurances to a broader investment community so that productive investments are made .

可信的财政承诺符合美国自身和世界的利益。在我们迈向全新的世界经济、主要新兴经济体在全球消费和储蓄方面发挥日益重要作用之际，这种承诺还将降低发生破坏性过渡的几率。

Credible fiscal commitments are in its own interests and the world ' s. It will also reduce the chances of a disruptive transition as we move towards a new global economy , with leading emerging economies playing an increasing role both in global consumption and savings flows .