凝壳

本文还研究了熔炼功率和炉料质量与熔体温度、凝壳厚度、熔炼时间以及能量消耗的影响关系。

The paper also studied the influence of the melting power and charge mass on the temperature of melt pool , the thickness of skull , the melting time and the consumption of energy .

简述了冷坩埚感应熔炼活性金属的发展过程，较详细地介绍了美国USBM公司感应渣熔工艺及Duriron公司感应凝壳炉精密铸造的生产应用情况。

This paper describes the development history of the cold-crucible induction process for melting reactive alloys . The induction slag melting process of USBM and the induction skull investment casting process of Duriron are demonstrated for commercial applications .

ESR钢料真空自耗凝壳炉中蜡型离心铸造为最佳的熔炼及铸造方案。

The centrifugal casting in vacuum furnace with electroslag remelting steels is best method .

自耗电极/感应凝壳熔铸TiAl基合金成分均匀性研究

Investigation on Uniformity of Composition in CEM / ISM Cast TiAl-base Alloy

作者对非自耗真空电弧凝壳炉熔炼的钛合金进行了显微组织结构和成分分析，并对Ti合金进行热锻加工以满足医用钛合金的力学性能要求。

The author construed the microstructure and componential analysis of the Ti alloy produced by non-consumable vacuum arc smelting furnace and calcined it to fulfil the request for dynam capability of biomedical Ti alloy .

25kg真空凝壳炉用紫铜坩埚的研究

The Study on the Copper Crucible of 25 kg Vacuum Skull Furnace

CREM法半连铸铝合金初凝壳与磁场强度的关系

First frost Relationship between electromagnetic intensity and initial solidified shell height of aluminum alloy produced by CREM process

对25kg真空凝壳炉用紫铜坩埚进行了系统研究，分析和讨论了影响紫铜坩埚损坏的各种因素，提出了延长紫铜坩埚寿命和提高坩埚利用率的有效方法。

The copper crucible for 25 kg vacuum skull furnace is systematically studied . The various factors effecting on the copper crucible failure are analyzed and discussed . The effective methods of elongating the service life of the copper crucible is indicated .

采用气滑铸造技术，按照不同的铸造工艺参数半连续铸造制备直径为135mm的2024铝合金锭坯，研究了浇注温度、浇注速度、气压对铸锭凝壳厚度和微观组织的影响。

2024 aluminum alloy ingot with 135 mm in diameters was produced by air-slip semi-continuous casting with varied processing parameters . The effects of pouring temperature , pouring velocity , gas pressure on thickness of solidified shell and microstructure of aluminum alloy ingot have been described .

真空自耗凝壳炉直接熔配和铸造钛合金件的工艺研究

Research on Technique of Single Melting and Casting Titanium Alloy by VAR

连铸凝壳厚度计算研究

Calculation and Research of Solidification Thickness for Continuous Caster

板坯连铸凝壳的热变形分析

Thermal deflection analysis of the solidified shell in the continuous casting of slab

保护渣熔化温度越高，钢凝壳厚度越小。

Results show that thickness of steel solidification shell decreases with higher melting temperature .

您看外面的这一层，叫做熔凝壳。

You can see that black stuff on the outside , it 's called the fusion crust .

经典的凝固平方根定律一般不适合于描述圆坯和方坯的连铸凝壳长大过程，推导了圆坯凝壳长大的圆坯凝固方程。

Traditional solidification square root law is not fit for describing solidification process of round or square billet .

研究发现，热顶铸造过程中初始凝壳点的位置随铸造速度的增大而下移。

The study found that the initial condensate point in the casting process , with the casting speed increases down .

经实测数据验证，圆方坯凝固定律能够较准确地表达连铸坯凝固过程，可用简化后的方程计算凝固中后期的凝壳厚度、液芯直径和全凝时间。

The above formula was verified by experiment . A function is proposed for calculation of solidification shell thickness and solidification time .

重点探讨了镍钛合金的熔炼工艺，合金成分均匀化是本研究的技术关键，采用真空自耗电极电弧凝壳沪一次熔化的工艺路线，这种方法既经济又简单。

In this paper , mainly discuss the melting technology of Ni-Ti alloy . The uniformization of alloy constitutions is a technic key .

实例计算了在三种拉坯速度下凝壳热变形和鼓肚变形。

Then the practical example is given to calculate the thermal deformation and the bulging deformation of the solidified shell under three tension speeds .

此外，液态熔渣流入结晶器和铸坯凝壳之间的缝隙内起润滑作用是连铸结晶器保护渣的重要作用之一。

Moreover , the lubrication function of liquid slag flowing into the gap between mold and slab is one of the slag 's most important functions .

根据热平衡方程，讨论了二次冷却区的凝壳厚度计算模型和计算机程序实现。

The article discusses about the solidification thickness calculated with mathematical models on the basis of thermal balance equations at second cooling area as well as the realization of computer programs .

石墨环附近的金属熔体和初凝壳受到电磁斥力的作用，可以避免抱芯，减少摩擦，抑制了偏析瘤的形成，进而提高了铸管表面质量。

Metal melt and initially solidified shell near graphite were pushed by the electromagnetic force , which can avoid " hold core ", decrease friction , restrain segregation burl , and increase surface quality .

凝固组织宏观检验和金相检验证明，连铸板坯表面纵裂起因于结晶器弯月面初生凝壳厚度的不均匀性。

The macroexamination and metallographic tests on solidification structure show that longitudinal cracks on the surface of continuous cast slab results from the thickness inhomogeneity of the solidified shell of meniscus initially formed in the mould .

结果表明，随着磁场强度增加，熔体与结晶器的接触高度以及凝固壳高度减小，初凝壳形成位置点降低，铸锭表面质量提高。

The results show that the gradual enhancement of the electromagnetic intensity allows a decrease in the height of solidified shell and in the contact height between melt and mold , which improve surface aspects of the ingot .

通过建立稳定温度场模型，在现有观测条件下，用边界变分方法给出了确定铸坯凝壳形状的辨识算法。

By establishing the model of stable temperature field , with the observation of first and second boundary value on the exterior of the ingot , the algorithm method to identify the shape of solidification shell is given with boundary variation in existing observation condition .

结果表明，在浇注温度为710℃、浇注速度为175mm/min、气压为0.6MPa、冷却水压为580kPa的条件下，制备出组织比较均匀细小、凝壳比较薄、表面比较光滑的铸锭。

The results show that the ingot with uniform fine microstructure and thin-walled solidified shell as well as smooth surface can be produced successfully with filling at 710 ℃, at 175 mm / min , gas pressure of 0.6 MPa and cooling pressure of 580 kPa .

通过对两种不同板坯水槽设计形式进行热力耦合分析，研究了不同水槽设计对结晶器铜板及铸坯初凝坯壳温度分布影响。

The effect of different water groove design of the copper plates on the temperature distribution of the mold and the solidifying shell has been studied through thermo-mechanical coupled analysis .

采用准三维数值仿真方法对N－11220－1型凝汽器壳侧的流动和换热性能进行了计算。根据计算结果的分析，提出了改善凝汽器壳侧流动与传热特性的改造方案。

In this paper , the quasi 3D numerical method is used to predict the flow and heat transfer of a condenser of type N 1120 1 . With he analysis of the calculation results , a suggestion of remolding is proposed to improve the performance of the condenser .

详细地模拟凝汽器壳侧汽相流动和传热过程，对于凝汽器的设计、改造和运行具有重要的指导作用。

The numerical simulation of steam flow field and heat transfer in condenser is necessary for the design , modification and operation of condenser .

采用数值方法对大港电厂从意大利引进的328MW汽轮机凝汽器壳侧的流动与传热过程进行了计算，对该凝汽器的设计合理性进行了分析。

By the use of a numerical method calculated was the flow and heat transfer process on the condenser shell side of a 328 MW steam turbine condenser imported from Italy . An analysis is given of the rationality of the condenser design .