下偏差

把上偏差小于下偏差的公差定义为虚公差，探讨了虚公差存在的理论基础及其意义，从而丰富了公差的内涵而发展为广义公差，更适合计算机辅助公差设计。

It is the first time to define the tolerance with upper deviation smaller than lower deviation as virtual tolerance which is given in this paper as well .

介绍了几种常用的雷达载频估计方法，分析了Rife法估计载频的性能，对Rife法在低信噪比条件下偏差较大的不足之处进行了改进，并给出了其计算机仿真结果。

This paper introduces several kinds of method of estimating the carrier frequency of radar signal , analyzes the performance of rife method , improves it and presents the simulation result .

并相应地建议采用点蚀电位Eb作为评价参数，推荐评价判据为点蚀电位限1.0V（SCE），下偏差0.1V。

It is proposed that the pitting potential E b can be used as a criterion and its lower limit could be 0.9V ( SCE ) for this system .

低温条件下偏差率有所上升。

The deviation rate was rised under the low temperature condition .

三维情形下偏差的简化计算公式

The Easy Calculation Formula of Deviation under Three Dimensional Case

系统根据尺寸链的类型（加工或装配尺寸链），进入不同的计算模块.根据输入的尺寸链，自动分析各个尺寸的关系、确定要计算的尺寸类型、计算其大小和上下偏差。

The system can apply different module to analyse automatically the dimentions relation according to the type of dimension chain , determine the dimension type and calculate the size and deviation .

术后3月比较3组人工晶状体度数偏差值。在平均大气条件下，偏差值约为10mm左右。

After 3 months , the errors of intraocular lens were compared among the three groups .

而在低温或高压下，偏差就大了。

Under a low temperature or great pressure , there is a big deviation .

能够反映炉膛上下温度偏差的循环流化床动态仿真模型的研究

Research on the Dynamic Model of CFB Reflecting the Temperature Difference between the Bottom Bed and the Furnace Outlet

利用若干个位置和姿态下的偏差值，间接计算出机床的结构误差，然后进行软件补偿。

With these values we can use this method to figure out the structural errors and then use software to compensate .

然后借助计算机模拟计算出上述三种因素独立作用及共同作用下流量偏差率、偏差系数、均匀度等指标；

The dripper flow variation rate , flow deviation coefficient and the emission uniformity for the emitter are calculated by using computer program under the four conditions .

通过分析污水处理过程中风机防喘振控制的特点，对常规算法进行补充；并且针对防喘振系统正常负荷下控制偏差长期存在，不利于防喘振阀实时准确地动作，提出了解决方案；

Through analysis of the characteristic , conventional algorithm is improved , and deviation of system is controlled under normal burthen , settlement scheme is put forward .

实验结果表明新算法确实可以改善谱估计的结果和波形的形态，消除二次伪谐波峰，并在大多数情况下减少偏差。

Results show that the new algorithm can improve the result of spectrum estimation , can eliminate 2nd false harmonic peaks , and can limit deviations in most cases .

将隐含信息和样本映射到同一个高维空间，在这个空间中，使用标准的支持向量回归方法处理隐含信息，获得样本在隐含信息作用下的偏差，以该偏差作为权重函数的调整函数。

Map hidden information and samples into a same high-dimension space . In this space by standard SVR processing hidden information , the bias of samples acted by hidden information is used as adjusting function of weighting function .

在600m／min出条速度下，重量偏差的控制范围可达±2%。

When output speed is 600 m / min , the control range of weight variation is ± 2 % .

多规则具有相同结论情况下的可信度偏差

Certainty factor discrepancy under multi-rules with the same conclusion

第三章：带干扰的双险种风险模型下的大偏差问题；

The third chapter : The large deviations of risk model for two-type-risk insurance perturbed by diffusion .

任务目标的主效应显著，在强调准确性的条件下估计的偏差较大，且表现显著的低估倾向，在困难任务中尤其明显。

Task goal toward accuracy caused larger underestimate than goal toward speed , especially in difficult tasks .

均匀坡度下考虑三偏差的滴灌系统流量偏差率的计算

Calculation of flow deviation rate of drip irrigation system taking three deviation rates into account on uniform slopes

利用这些关系式，可以计算任意发射条件下的落点偏差而无需解微分方程组。

Using these relations , the impact position error in any launch condition can be calculated without to integrate differential equations .

改进的算法解决了小信噪比下的估计偏差和信道相关函数的失配问题。

Improved algorithm solves the deviation of the estimated in small SNR and the problem of the mismatch of channel correlation .

搭建了基于高速旋转电弧传感器的水下焊接焊枪偏差识别的实验系统。

An experimental system for underwater welding identification of welding torch offset based on high speed rotational arc sensor was established .

本文主要从行为经济学下的认知偏差角度分析管理者过度自信对于会计舞弊的影响程度。

Based on the analysis of managerial overconfidence degree influence on accounting fraud mainly from the perspective of cognitive bias of behavior economics .

本篇博士论文主要研究随机过程的核密度估计的大偏差，尤其是对相依随机过程，主要结果是首次把独立同分布情形下的大偏差结果推广到了相依情形。

This thesis is devoted to the study of large deviations for kernel density estimator for certain stochastic processes , especially in the dependent case .

在考虑地球扁率以及再入段空气阻力的情况下对落点偏差进行补偿，得到虚拟目标。

The landing error , considering the Earth oblateness and the air friction in the reentry phase , is compensated and the virtual target is hit .

通过仿真计算，得到了母盘刻录工艺改变和存在聚焦/循迹误差时的读出信号，以及不同改变量下的波形偏差。

By simulation , the readout signals with mastering processing fluctuation and focusing / tracking error are figured out . As well , responding waveform deviations are achieved .

通过对该算法进行实际测试，结果表明：在同样尺度的分块模式下，中心偏差阈值越高，图像压缩比越高，但图像的信噪比越低；

The test has proved that , in the same sub-block mode , center bias threshold is higher , the compression ration is higher and SNR of reconstructed is lower ;

地层条件下气体的偏差系数是用来计算气藏储量的关键数据，通常使用图版法、经验公式法和实验法进行确定。

Gaseous Z-factor is key data that is used to calculate the reserves of gas reservoir , we can generally make certain Z-factor by Z-factor charts , experience methods and experimentation .

小学高年级学生在即时判断模式下的预见偏差不同：四年级学生没有出现预见偏差，五年级和六年级学生出现了预见偏差。

( 4 ) There was age difference in the foresight bias . When students making immediate JOL , there were foresight biases in the JOLs of fifth-and sixth-graders , but not in the JOLs of fourth-graders .

同时对稳态电能质量检测的核心频率检测，作了详细的分析，并提出了一种新的适用于实时条件下的频率偏差检测算法基于复幅度的实时频率检测算法。

Moreover frequency detection , the core of the third part , is analyzed in detail and based on the complex magnitude of harmonic signal , a novel algorithm for computing the frequency deviation in real-time is proposed .