过电位

电势阶跃法的研究结果表明，Cr（Ⅲ）的电化学成核机理是三维成核并与过电位有关。

Chronoamperometry showed that the electrodeposition nucleation mechanisms of Cr (ⅲ) is 3-D nucleation and related to overpotential .

这是因为Cl-降低了Co，特别是Fe的析出过电位之故。

It can be attributed to the existence of Cl - , which decreases the evolution overpotential of Co and Fe metal , especially for Fe metal .

炭渣和金属Al与阳极气体CO2反应后生成CO，CO易于吸附在阳极表面，阻止阳极反应的进行，提高阳极过电位。

Consequently , the anode process is blocked and the anodic overvoltage increase .

在Fe基底材料上电镀NiSn合金制备低析氢过电位的阴极活性材料。

The cathode active material with low hydrogen evolution overvoltage was prepared by electroplating Ni_Sn alloy on the ferrous basic body .

低析氧过电位PbO2电极的研究

Investigation on pbo_2 electrode of low overpotential for oxygen evolution reaction

高析氧过电位PbO2电极处理废水技术的机理及应用

Mechanism and Application of PbO_2 Electrode with High Overpotential in Treating Wastewater

通过阴极极化曲线的测定研究了硫酸盐电解液喷射速度u（流速）对电流密度jc和阴极过电位ηc的影响。

The relationship between jet flow rate , current density and cathodic overpotential was studied by measuring cathodic polarization curve in simple sulfate system .

复合电极与Zn电极相比有更高的析氢过电位，这是由于PTFE的憎水性所致。

The overpotential of hydrogen evolution of composite electrode was higher than that of Zn electrode , which was due to the hydrophobicity of PTFE .

采用直流电沉积法制备了纳米晶镍，用X射线衍射和阴极极化曲线的测定对比研究了硫脲对沉积层晶粒尺寸以及阴极过电位的影响。

Nanocrystalline nickel was synthesized by direct current electrodeposition , and effect of thiourea on grain size of settled layer and cathode overpotential was studied by X-Ray diffraction and cathodic polarization curve .

AlF3添加剂和焙烧温度对铝电解炭阳极过电位的影响

Effect of AlF_3 dopant and baking temperature on overpotential of carbon anode in aluminium electrolysis

研究了添加剂对阴极过电位、电流效率、镀层中Co含量、镀层的相结构、晶粒尺寸、表面形貌及显微硬度、软磁性能等影响。

Influence of additive on cathodic overpotential , current efficiency , the Co content , phase microstructure , grain size , microhardness , soft magnetic performance and surface morphology of deposits were also investigated .

实验表明，Pt纳米化后，电极反应过电位降低，动力学速率相应提高，从而使电化学性能得到改善。

The results showed that the electrochemical properties on nano Pt / C were improved due to the reduction of the overpotential and the increase in the kinetic rate .

电沉积中产生的过电位特征峰是由于生核步骤迟缓所造成.实验结果证明：电沉积Ni－P合金初期形成非晶核所需能量比电沉积晶态Ni核要小得多。

It was shown from experimental results that , in the initial stage of plating Ni P amorphous alloy , the required energy to form nuclei was much smaller than that in the case of plating crystal Ni .

通过对氧过电位、结构、形貌、组分和透过率的测定，来确定O2含量与上述电化学及物理性能的关系。

The relations between oxygen content and electrochemical , physical properties were convinced by the characterization of oxygen overpotential , structure , surface morphology , composition and transparency .

采用恒电位电沉积工艺制备了具有更高析氧过电位和一定催化活性的二氧化铅电极，结构表征结果显示PbO2电极为β与α晶型共存。

Constant potential technique was used to electrodeposit PbO_2 films with higher oxygen potential and good photocatalytic activity . The crystals included both β and α .

复合阴极可以提高固体氧化物燃料电池（SOFC）在高温下的性能和效率，降低过电位、极化电阻和界面电阻。

Composite cathode could improve the performance and efficiency of the solid oxide fuel cell at high temperature , decrease the over-potential , polarization resistance and interfacial resistance .

高氢过电位材料Zn-In合金电化学性能的研究

Electrochemical properties of Zn-In alloy prepared by electroplating

文中还研究了两种阴极催化剂Pt与复合NiO催化剂的电化学性能，发现复合NiO催化剂比Pt电极具有更低的过电位和更好的电化学性能；

Moreover , by the research on the electrochemical performances of two cathode catalysts such as Pt and composite NiO , it is shown that ( 1 ) composite NiO is of lower over-potential and better electrochemical performance ;

金属氧化物涂层阳极（DSA）与离子膜电槽的应用给电解能耗的降低带来了一个崭新的时代。相比之下，阴极过电位已成为影响电解能耗的决定性因素。

The metal oxides coating of anode ( DSA ) and ion-membrane bath can greatly reduce electrolytic energy consumption , so it could be said the cathodic overpotential has already become the decisive factor for reducing electrolytic energy consumptions .

非晶态Ni-S-Co合金电极的析氢催化性能较好，与Ni和Ni-S电极相比具有较低的析氢过电位、较高的交换电流密度和较低的表观活化能；

The Ni-S-Co alloy is catalytically more active in comparison with Ni and Ni-S electrode with its lower potential for hydrogen evolution , higher exchange current density and lower activation energy .

测定了局部镀有Pt、Pd、Ru和Rh等铂族金属的铜片电极在盐酸介质中放氢反应的电极电位，获得该4种铂族金属氢过电位大小顺序为Rh

The electrode potentials of hydrogen evolution by copper clectrode partially electroplated by platinum , palladium , ruthenium and rhodium are measured in hydrochloric acid media . The order of the values of hydrogen overpotentials for platinum group metals has been obtained to be Rh

测试结果表明，该复合电极的析氢过电位比Ni-W-P合金电极降低130mV，表现出更好的催化析氢性能。

The experimental results show that the overpotential for HER of the composite electrode is 130 mV lower than that of Ni-W-P alloy electrode , the former shows better properties for hydrogen evolution .

由于氧气还原的高度不可逆性和混合电位效应，对于PEMFC，即使在开路电位氧电极的过电位还有约0.2V。

Even under the open-circuit condition , the overpotential for oxygen cathode in PEMFC is around 0.2-0.3V due to non-reversibility of oxygen reduction and to the " mixed potential " effect .

本文研究了用电镀法制备的各种多孔镍电极的镍锌含量、lgi、电极表面积及其在碱性介质中释氢过电位之间的关系。

In this paper , the relation between hydrogen evolution overpotential and the content of nickel or zinc , surface area of electrodes , and log | I | of porous nickel cathodes prepared by electrodeposition have been studied .

973K、氧气中、1A·cm-2电流密度下该电极的极化过电位仅为0.077V，远小于固相法合成的电极。

The overpotential at 973 K in oxygen under 1 A · cm-2 current density was as low as 0.077 V , which was much lower than that of electrodes prepared using solid-state reaction .

结果表明：含Ru氧化物涂层阴极在析氢过程的特性吸附，表现出比钛阴极低的析氢过电位、高的强化寿命和稳定的电功能，最终以剥落失效。

The characteristic absorption of Ti cathode coated with mixed Ru based oxide layer in the effect of hydrogen evolution have better electrocatalysis and stability , the lower overpotential than pure Ti cathode during hydrogen evolution , long life span , and the failure form is coating-peel .

实验结果表明，硫含量为29.4%（原子百分比）的NiS合金电极具有优良的催化性能，在150mA/cm2的电流密度下，析氢反应过电位最低，比Fe低约350mV。

The results show that the Ni-S alloy electrode with sulphur content of 29.4 % ( atomic percetage ) performs excellent catalyzing property . Its hydrogen-evolution overpotential is the lowest at the current density of 150 mA / cm 2 , which is 350 mV lower than that of Fe .

通过比较发现，介孔Al-MCM-41修饰碳糊电极对肾上腺素的氧化有显著的催化效果，不仅明显降低其氧化过电位，而且显著增加其氧化峰电流。

From the comparison , it was found that the mesoporous Al-MCM-41 modified carbon paste electrode efficiently catalyze the oxidation of epinephrine since it greatly increases the oxidation peak currnet and lowers the oxidation overpotential .

水的理论分解电压是1.23v，而将氢气和氧气的过电位考虑进去，实际所需电压在2V左右，对半导体光催化材料有比较苛刻的要求。

The theoretical splitting voltage of water is 1.23 V , while the practical voltage is about 2.0 V taking the over-potential generated from oxygen and hydrogen redox into account . Water splitting takes serious requirements to the property of semiconductors .

然而，氧电极即使在小电流密度下，其过电位也高达300～400mV。

Generally , the over potential of an oxygen electrode is as high as 300 ~ 400mV even at a small current density , which is too high to be acceptable in practice .