议会改革

谈英国议会改革中和平变革的机制

Comments on Mechanism of Peaceful Transition in British Parliamentary Reform

议会改革是19世纪英国政治发展的主要体现，它发端于18世纪，延伸到20世纪。

Parliamentary reform was the mainstream of politics in Britain in the 19th century . It made a start in the 18th century and continued in the 20th century .

我们需要处理选举改革与议会改革的问题。

We need to address electoral reform and reform of Parliament .

议会改革使得选举权扩大，为治安法官补充了新鲜的血液。

The Parliamentary Reforms enlarged the right to vote , which brought new vigor to magistrates .

其中19世纪三次大的议会改革具有与时俱进的鲜明特色，反映了英国社会变革的基本特征。

In the 19th century , there were three parliamentary reforms , which were marked with the advancing feature with the times .

与此同时，通过两次议会改革工人选民的数量有了很大提高，成为左右政党选举的重要力量。

At the same time , two parliamentary reforms had greatly improved the numbers of worker voters , which made them a major force in political elections .

本文以1832年议会改革为个案，从社会结构和政治博弈的角度讨论这个问题，试图揭示和平变革的内在机制。

In this paper I try to discuss the mechanism from the angle of social structure and political expediency , taking the first Parliamentary Reform of 1832 as a case study .

随着工业革命接近尾声，英国的社会经济结构发生了巨大的变化，英国进入了改革时代，尤为显眼的是三次议会改革和地方政府机构改革。

With the ending of the Industrial Revolution , the social and economic structures of England changed greatly , and the most conspicuous are the three Parliamentary Reforms and the local governmental reforms .

他们的努力必须转换成执政联盟的果断行动，如恢复立法工作，实施议会改革，大力反腐。

Their efforts will need to be translated into decisive action by the ruling coalition , a return to legislative business , reforms by parliament and a major effort to rein in corruption .

在周三发表的一份声明，议员奥克肖特说，他曾在一个议会改革，他率先系列后决定，双方同意由工党和联盟。

In a statement released on Wednesday , Mr Oakeshott said he had made the decision in the wake of a series of parliamentary reforms , which he spearheaded , being agreed to by Labor and the coalition .

第三部分是越南国会改革的措施分析，主要包括选举制度改革、监督制度改革、立法和重大事项决策改革、国会本身结构以及运行机制的改革、地方及基层人民议会改革的探索等。

The third part analyzes the measures adopted by national assembly reform in Vietnam . This part mainly includes the reform of the electoral system , the supervision system , the decision-making of important matters system , the congressional structure and its operating mechanism and so on .

英国各政党议员要求马丁下台的呼声日益高涨。面对这种局面，马丁昨晚宣布，他将于今日发表声明，公布其议会津贴改革计划。

Faced with mounting calls for his resignation from MPs of all parties , Mr Martin announced last night that he would make a statement today on his plans for reforms of parliamentary allowances .

最近的金融丑闻使得议会程序必须改革。

Recent financial scandals have necessitated changes in parliamentary procedures .

卫生大臣对议会说，改革将在3年内逐步展开。

The Health Secretary told Parliament that the reforms would be phased in over three years

他们还希望议会和经济改革能够发挥更大的作用。

They also want a stronger role for parliament and economic reforms .

因此，议会现在必须改革现有的程序。

Parliament must therefore now overhaul its existing procedures .

同时，密尔也主张对议会选举进行改革，明确划分议会和政府的关系。

At the same time , Mill also advocated reform of the parliamentary elections , a clear delineation of the relationship between parliament and government .

他们敦促议会批准他们的改革方案。

They urged parliament to approve plans for their reform programme

敦促；力劝他们敦促议会批准他们的改革方案。

They urged parliament to approve plans for their reform programme .

万一某国议会阻挠欧盟条约改革怎么办？

What if a national parliament blocks the treaty change ?

希拉克对施罗德国内议会通过了他的改革方案表示祝贺。

Chirac congratulated him on getting his reforms adopted .

分析人士说，随着2014年全国议会选举临近，改革的希望将变得更加渺茫。

As national parliamentary elections approach in 2014 , the prospects for reforms will dim further , analysts say .

伊藤教授表示，曾向日本议会表示将让改革火炬长燃的安倍，目前正悄悄采取一些进一步放松对经济管制及限制公共支出的措施。

Mr Abe – who told parliament he would keep the torch of reform burning – is quietly pursuing measures to deregulate the economy further and to curb public spending , Prof Ito says .

比起运用他的党派所占的议会人数来推行改革，苏西洛先生坚持一种谨小慎微协商一致的行事风格，因此，成立了一个比他所需要的更庞大却也更软弱的六方联盟。

Rather than use his party 's parliamentary numbers to push through reform , Mr Yudhoyono has stuck with a timid consensus style , building a bigger , weaker six-party coalition than he needs .