勾践

几年以后，勾践被放回越国。

Several years later , he was set free .

后越王勾践卧薪尝胆，任用文种和范蠡重振国政。

The King of Yue , Gou Jian submitted and sued for peace .

这石洞，后来人们称为勾践洞。

Later , the cave was named after him .

然后，勾践抓住一个适当的机会消灭了吴国。

Then Gou seized a favorable opportunity to wipe off the State of Wu .

勾践自贱为吴民，志在复国。

Degrading himself as a Wu subject , Goujian prepared to restore his state .

为什么勾践要选择屈服和卧薪尝胆。

Why choose Gou yield and Revival .

但太迟了，勾践听信了别人对他的谣言，逼他自杀了。

Gou Jian believed the slanderous gossips about Wen and ordered Wen to kill himself .

越王勾践卧薪尝胆，于是有了“苦心人，天不负”这样的豪言壮语。

Yue hardships , they have " good people who live day " such words .

通过这样的手段，勾践时刻不忘在吴国受到的耻辱。

This way ， he could remember his humiliations while serving under the State of Wu .

后来，勾践在徐州会见各诸侯国国君成为霸主。

Later , King Gou Jian met the dukes in Xuzhou and gained hegemony among the states .

相传春秋时期，范蠡帮助越王勾践打败了吴国。

Fan Li was an illustrious general of the State of Yue during the Spring and Autumn Period .

三年以后，他对越国发动了战争，抓住了越王勾践，

Three years later , he led his army against the State of Yue and caught its king Gou Jian .

另一说是指齐桓公、晋文公、楚庄王、吴王阖闾和越王勾践。最早称霸的是齐桓公（公元前685~公元前643在位）。

Duke Huan of Qi ( in the throne from 685 B.C. - 643 B.C. ) was the first over-lord .

如果能打败晋国，就等于在诸候国中当定了霸主，再回去收拾越王勾践也不算晚。

After considering over and over again , they decided to try to defeat the Jin army by a surprise move .

同时，勾践的大臣还通过贿赂和外交阴谋从内部削弱吴国。

During this time ， his ministers also worked to weaken the State of Wu internally through bribes and diplomatic intrigue .

并指出越王勾践的为人，只可与他共患难，不宜与他同安乐。

And it still pointed out that the King of Yue , Gou Jian could share distress with others but not happiness .

越王勾践率兵迎战，越大夫灵姑浮一戈击中阖闾，阖闾因伤逝世。

King Gou-jian of Yue led the army to fight back and King Helu suffered an injury which led to his death .

被吴国打败之后，越王勾践卧薪尝胆，潜心发展农业，训练军队。

Firstly defeated by the kingdom of Wu , Goujian , the king of Yue , applied himself to the development of agriculture and training his army .

在治理国家期间，作为一个国王，勾践从未享受富裕的生活，而是睡在柴火上，吃农民才吃的食物。

All the while ruling his kingdom ， Gou Jian never relished in riches as a king ， but instead slept on sticks and eating food suited for peasants .

勾践是越国允常侯的儿子，曾被邻国吴国的国上夫差打败。

Gou Jian was the son of Marquess Yun Chang of Yue . He was defeated and captured by King Fu Chai of Wu of the neighbouring State of Wu .

春秋时代，越国备吴国打败了。越王勾践和他的妻子都被带到吴国做苦工。

In the Spring and Autumn Period , the state of Wu defeated the state of Yue , and took the king of Yue , Gou Jian , and his wife prisoner .

为了复仇，夫差让勾践住在他父亲墓旁的破石屋里天天看墓、喂马。

In order to avenge his father 's death , Fu let him live in a shabby stone house by his father 's tomb and ordered him to raise horses for him .

勾践时期采取了一系列的社会经济措施，一度缩小了越国同中原其他国家的发展差距，达到了灭吴称霸的目的。

However , the economic system under the rule of feudal lords , which once helped promote the socioeconomic development of Yue State , went against the trend of economic development in China at that time .

夫差让勾践住在虎丘山其父阖闾墓旁的山洞中，为他养马、打扫庭院。老板告诉他们附近一个曾被用做马厩的山洞里可以栖身。

The King of Wu had his captive put up in a cave near the tomb of his father He Lu and told him to work as his groom and also to sweep the palace grounds .

勾践与妻子在吴国忍辱负重服务了三年后，获得了吴工的信任并被放回越国，回国后勾践恢复了统治，进行了一些重要的改革。

After three years of servitude and humiliation with his wife in the State of Wu ， he gained the trust of King Fu Chai who eventually allowed him to return to his state where he resumed his rule and initiated major reforms .

越王勾践，公元前496年至公元前465年在位。勾践是将近春秋末期的越王，名叫姒勾践。越国在现在的上海，浙江北部和江苏南部。

King Gou Jian of Yue ( reigned 496 B. C. ~ 465 B. C. ) was the king of the Kingdom of Yue ( present-day Shanghai ， northern Zhejiang and southern Jiangsu ) near the end of the Spring and Autumn Period ， named Luo Gou Jian .

传说越国国王勾践灭了吴国之后，吴国国王的妃子西施被勾践的妻子绑在一块大石头上面投人大海，以防止自己的丈夫被西施的美貌所勾引。

According to the legend of the concubine ， Xi Shi ， of the king of the state of Wu was thrown in the sea tied to a huge stone by the wife of Gou Jian ， the king of Yue who destroyed Wu ， to prevent her husband being seduced by her beauty .

周敬王二十六年（公元前494），吴王夫差为父报仇，兴兵败越，越王勾践求和，送给吴王珍宝美女西施，自己亲自为夫差牵马。

In 494 B. C. , King Fuchai of the Wu state , the son of Helu , attacked Yue to seek revenge . Yue was defeated . King Goujian sued for peace , sending jewels and Xishi ( a great beauty in Chinese history ) to the Wu king , and leading the horse for Fuchai himself .