制度创新成本

政府管理创新成本宏观上可分为政府管理观念创新成本、制度创新成本、技术创新成本，具体包括：保障成本、认同成本、能力成本、规范成本、防护成本五个部分。

From the macroscopic angle , the innovation cost includes the cost of the concept innovation , institution innovation and the technology innovation . From the microcosmic angle , it includes the ensuring cost , approval cost , ability cost , standard cost and the protection cost .

制度创新的成本分析

Analysing the Costs of System Innovation

制度创新的成本、收益、制度选择集合以及不同利益集团实力的变化有可能促使制度非均衡出现。

Changes in institutional costs , revenue and the set of institutional choice may cause some institutions to become disequilibrium , so do changes in the powers of different interest groups .

树立先进的大学理念、明确教授委员会的功能定位和运作规则，以及充分考虑该制度创新的成本是教授委员会制度存在并发挥作用的思想基础。

We should establish advanced idea about universities , clarify the function and operation of the professor committee , and take into full consideration the cost of system innovation . This is the ideological basis for the professor committee system to exist and play its role .

最后从思想观念创新、组织机构建立、制度创新、标准成本及其成本差异分析等方面讨论了以成本管理为中心的加强高校资金管理的几点措施。

Finally , the problem of how to emphasize fund management of the college is discussed through the following aspects : the conception and system creativity , the establishment of a new organization , the standard cost and the analysis of the cost difference .

区域经济合作能够促进区域利益改进、制度创新及区域交易成本的节约，必然缓解区域矛盾，减少区域冲突。

Regional economic coordination can promote regional profit , improve institutional innovation and save regional trade cost , certainly release and decrease regional conflicts .

政府在制度创新时会进行成本效益分析，不仅要考虑经济层面的成本与效益，而且要考虑政治层面的成本与收益。

The government will carry on the cost-effective and analyze , should not merely consider cost and benefit of the economic aspect in system innovation , and should consider cost and incomes of the political aspect .

由于实施可持续发展战略的制度创新是一项需要成本付出的制度投资，而制度创新的成本与收益能否达到平衡，是决定其可行性与操作深度的关键因素。

Because institution of the implementing the sustainable development stratagem is a institution investment which must pay out cost , it is key that whether the cost of the institution innovation is like as the income or not which decided the feasibility and manipulation depth .

地方政府的制度创新有利于降低制度创新的成本和风险，有利于提高中央政府制度安排的绩效，有利于减少制度创新的时滞和增加制度的有效供给。

There are some advantages in Local government institution innovation , which include reducing the cost and venture of institution innovation , improving the quality of central government institution and increasing effective supply of institution in that Local government know local instances much more .

只有制度创新的潜在收益大于制度创新的成本时，制度创新才会发生。

Institutional innovation will be achieved when the potential income becomes larger than the cost of innovation .

通过对公共管理制度实践的探讨，文章认为制度创新并不是成本与收益的简单对比。

The thesis will explain that institutional innovation is not a simple balance of cost-profit .

国库集中收付制度改革是一项复杂全面的系统工程，出于制度创新成本及分担的考虑，我国选择了渐进的改革方式。

Treasury collection and payment system reform is a complex and comprehensive system engineering , for the consideration of costs and sharing of system innovation , we choose progressive way of reform .

本文认为：士地制度创新要遵循充分尊重农民利益的原则、制度创新的成本必须小于收益的原则、国家应该成为制度创新的主体的原则。

So the article give three basic principals of system innovation : the peasants ' interests must be respected , the cost of system innovation must be less than benefit , the state should be the factor of institutional innovation .

企业家制度创新包括外生性制度、内生性制度和企业内部制度创新，实现制度创新的成本约束使得现阶段中国企业家在后两种制度创新上更有作为；

Second , the institutional innovation comprises external , internal and inside rules innovation , the cost of accomplishing institutional innovation now make the Chinese entrepreneurs achieve much more return in the latter two than in the first ;

政府作为制度变迁的主体，推动的是一种强制性制度变迁，比个人和团体的制度创新成本低、影响面大、效果好。

As the main body of the institutional innovation , governments drive a forced institutional transition which could get the good and wide effects with low cost .

保险制度创新的现实条件是中间结构的发展与下层结构谈判力量的上升、制度创新技术成本和政治成本的下降等。

The current conditions for insurance institutional innovation is the development in mid-level structure and the rise of negotiation power in lower-level structure , the reduction of innovation cost and political cost .