革兰

细菌通过革兰染色和PCR法鉴定。

Bacteria in colony were identified with gram stain and PCR method .

NI病原菌主要为革兰阴性杆菌。

Main microorganism organism of NI was gram negative rod .

早、晚发两组新生儿败血症革兰阳性菌的感染率有显著统计学差异（P＜0.05）。

There was statistically significant difference in the detection rate for gram positive bacteria infections between EONS and LONS ( P0.05 ) .

产妇B组涂片见有白细胞内外革兰阴性双球菌者11例（9.2%）；

Gram-negative diplococcus was found in the samples from 11 ( 9.2 % ) Group B mothers . Intracellular Gram-negative diplococcus was also seen .

PCR阳性的菌经革兰染色，镜下均可见革兰阴性小杆菌。

By Gram staining , Gram small Bartonella bacteria can be observed in the PCR positive strains under microscope .

利奈唑胺治疗ICU革兰阳性球菌感染的疗效及安全性观察

Efficacy and Safety of Linezolid in the Treatment of Gram-positive Cocci Infections in ICU

结论革兰阴性杆菌是尘肺NP患者主要致病菌，耐药率高，因此加强耐药菌株监测，依据药物敏感试验结果合理使用抗菌药物十分重要。

It is important to strengthen resistance monitoring and apply antibiotics reasonably with drug sensitivity test .

革兰阳性菌中主要为凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌（CNS）、金黄色葡萄球菌、肠球菌，耐药性严重。

Gram positive bacteria mainly included Coagulase negativeStaphylococcus ( CNS ), Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus .

虽然革兰阴性菌内毒素（endotoxin），即脂多糖（LPS）的确切作用现在仍有争论，但它在启动体内免疫系统反应，导致中毒性休克中的重要性已得到普遍认识。

It has been realized publicly that endotoxin ( LPS ) can cause immune reaction in septic shock .

[方法]应用尿素酶试验和组织切片革兰染色检测115例胃黏膜组织的Hp；

[ Methods ] Hp was detected in 115 cases with Hp-related gastric diseases by rapid urease test and Gram staining .

结论（1）胃液pH值是影响胃腔定植菌特别是革兰阴性杆菌定植的主要因素。

Conclusions ( 1 ) The pH value of gastric juice proved to be the major factor which influenced the colonization of bacteria especially GNB in gastric cavity .

方法：对2000年7月至2004年6月本院ICU所分离的革兰阴性菌菌株及体外耐药率的回顾性分析。

Methods : Gram-negative bacterial distribution and drug resistance in ICU from July 2000 to June 2004 were analyzed retrospectively .

目的探讨抗凝血酶-Ⅲ（AT-Ⅲ）对内毒素血症大鼠凝血功能异常的治疗作用。方法采用静脉注射革兰阴性菌脂多糖（LPS）复制大鼠内毒素血症凝血功能异常模型。

Objective To study the treatment effects of antithrombin - ⅲ( AT - ⅲ) on coagulation abnormalities in rats with endotoxaemia .

而且，重复使用手套已经与MRSA和革兰阴性杆菌的传播有关。

Furthermore , glove reuse has been associated with transmission of MRSA and gram-negative bacilli .

背景：内毒素又称脂多糖（lipopolysaccharide，LPS），是革兰阴性细菌外膜的主要成分。

Background : Endotoxin also named lipopolysaccharide ( LPS ), which is the adventitial essential component of Gram negative bacteria .

革兰阴性杆菌耐药与产AmpC酶的检测及其与耐药的关系分析

Detection of AmpC enzyme and its relationship with drug resistance in gram-negative clinical strains

产超广谱β内酰胺酶和高产AmpC酶革兰阴性杆菌耐药性检测

Detection of antibiotic resistance conferred by extended-spectrum beta-lactamases and AmpC beta-lactamases in gram-negative bacilli

革兰阴性菌中，产超广谱β-内酰胺酶（ESBLs）菌株较常见。

The strains producing the extended spectrum beta-lactamases ( ESBLs ) of Gram-negative bacteria were often detected .

医院感染中革兰阴性杆菌AmpCβ-内酰胺酶产酶率分析

Analysis of AmpC β - lactamase productive rate in the Gram-negative bacilli from nosocomial infection

革兰阴性细菌感染患者BALF的IL-8及IL-6水平比革兰阳性细菌感染患者显著增高（P<001）。

BALF levels of IL-8 and IL-6 were significantly higher in Gram-negative RI than in Gram-positive RI ( P < 0.01 ) .

广州地区3500株革兰阴性杆菌TEM和SHV型超广谱β内酰胺酶基因分型研究

Study on the genotypes of TEM-like and SHV-like extended-spectrum beta-lactamases in clinical isolates of Gram-negative bacilli in Guangzhou

整合子定位于革兰阴性杆菌的染色体、转座子或具有广泛宿主的质粒上，整合子是近年来新发现的一种可水平传递耐药基因的DNA元件。

Integron was located on the chromosome of Gram-negative bacteria , transposon , or a broad host plasmid , which was found in recent years a new mobile DNA element that can horizontal transfer the resistance gene .

儿童革兰阴性杆菌耐药状况及ampC基因的检测与分析

Status of drug resistance and detection and analysis of the ampC gene in gram-negative clinical strains from children

测定临床分离菌株的MIC革兰阳性球菌27株、革兰阴性杆菌44株，与微量肉汤稀释法相比在±1稀释度范围内符合率分别为94.9%和92.6%。

27 gram positive coccus and 44 gram negative bacilus overall agreement rates within 1 dilution interval were 94.9 % and 92.6 % respectively .

肠球菌（Enterococcus）是一种在自然界普遍存在的革兰阳性球菌，也是人和动物肠道的主要菌群。

Enterococci are a ubiquitous gram-positive bacteria in nature and also are a major microflora in human and animal intestinal tract .

其中以革兰阴性菌细胞壁的主要成分脂多糖（lipopolysaccharide，LPS）为主要致病因素，不仅引起肺部炎症反应，还可使原有肺部疾病发展和加重。

Some pathogenic factors may cause airway inflammation , such as lipopolysaccharide ( LPS ), which is the main component of the cell wall of Gram-negative bacteria .

不同喂养方式下，食物过敏婴儿的大便菌群比例显示不同的改变，但革兰阳性杆菌比例降低是其共同的特点（P均<0.05）。

Furthermore , there were different changes in the proportions of fecal microflora of infants with food allergy under different feeding patterns , but the percentages of gram-positive rod of the samples markedly lower was the same character ( P < 0.05 ) .

提示AmpC酶和ESBLs是导致革兰阴性杆菌耐药的两类主要酶。

AmpC enzyme and ESBLs are the two main causes of resistance to β lactam antibiotics among clinical isolates of gram negative bacilli .

结果分离株均为革兰阳性菌，3个分离株具有相同的蛋白组成和DNA指纹图谱，属同一克隆株，但分离株与标准参照株不相同。

Results The results showed that 3 isolated strains belonged to one colonal strain and came from the same original strain with same protein compound and DNA fingerprint . However , the 3 isolated strains were different from standard control strains .

经过生理生化试验，No.17解磷细菌的革兰染色结果表明其属于革兰氏阴性菌，非肠道菌。

Physiological and biochemical tests show that No.17 strain is gram negative intestinal bacteria .