负和博弈

利润操纵则纯粹是一种寻租行为，是对社会资源的负和博弈。

Profit manipulating is absolutely a sort of rent-seeking actions and a negative-sum game to social resource .

零和博弈或负和博弈易造成执行失灵或助长执行失灵；共赢高效的博弈不但能有效规避执行失灵，而且能提高政策效能。

The Zero chess game or the Negative-sum chess game easily results in or promotes policy performance failure .

寻租活动本身并不创造社会财富，本质上是对既得利益进行再分配的非生产性寻利活动，是经济上的一种负和博弈。

Rent seeking behavior is a kind of undertake repartition to vested interest non-productive activities , is a negative Game in economic .

而从利益集团博弈方式的角度看，体制改革应该实现利益集团博弈方式由正和与负和博弈交替存在向正和博弈的转变；

And from the perspective of game modes of interest groups , reform should let the game modes achieve following aims : from negative-sum game alternates positive-sum game to positive-sum game ;

市场主体追求创新租金的寻利行为是自由竞争条件下的正和博弈，而其追逐管制租金的寻租行为则是在不完全竞争条件下的负和博弈；

Second , the profit-seeking behavior of the market subject in its pursuit of innovation rent is under free competition conditions and has a positive exterior effect , while its rent-seeking behavior is under incomplete competition and can only brings a negative exterior effect .

这一过程启示我们，努力避免负和与零和博弈，争取实现正和博弈，是一条迅速取得立宪成功的便捷之道。

The process suggests that avoiding a negative-sum or zero-sum game and achieving a positive-sum game constitute a shortcut to the rapid success of constitutionalism .