碳原子

甲烷分子由1个碳原子与4个氢原子构成。

A methane molecule is composed of one carbon atom attached to four hydrogens .

碳原子的四个价电子都各与氢原子的一个价电子共用。

Each of the four valency electrons of the carbon atom is shared with one of a hydrogen atom .

石墨层中的碳原子相互连接形成碳环。

In graphite sheets , carbon atoms bond together in rings

现在利用这件特定的仪器，就可以真正观察到单个碳原子了。

Now with this particular piece of instrumentation , you can actually spot individual carbon atoms .

这个分子包含四个呈环状排列的碳原子，每两个碳原子之间形成一个三价键。

The molecule contains four carbon atoms arranged in a ring with a triple bond between two of them .

这样的碳原子称为手性碳。

Such a carbon is designated as a chiral carbon .

在稠环和桥环化合物中，两个碳原子是两个环公用的。

In fused-ring and bridged-ring compounds two carbons are common to the two rings .

糖含有碳原子。

There are carbon atoms in sugar .

手性碳原子R，S构型确定法

Methods to Determine R , S Configuration of Enantiomers

ω为ω碳原子上的取代基数.奥氏体强化及Fe，C扩散对贝氏体相变的影响

Effects of austenite strengthening and the diffusion of iron and carbon atoms on bainitic transformations

ω为ω碳原子上的取代基数.后腹腔镜手术CO2气腹对脑氧供需平衡的影响

Effects of retroperitoneal carbon dioxide insufflation on the balance of cerebral oxygen metabolism

含Si钢下贝氏体转变初期碳原子的调幅分解

Spinodal decomposition of carbon at initial stage of lower bainite transformation in a Si-containing steel

糖类化合物手性碳原子R／S构型快速判别方法初探

Preliminary study on quick method of distinguishing the r / s configuration of the chiral carbon atoms in carbohydrates

用X射线径向分布函数法（RDF）研究煤中碳原子层的堆垛结构

Study on stacking structure of carbon-atom layers in coals by Xray RDF method

其形成机理是碳原子扩散驱动下的W原子和Co原子的迁移。

The mechanism for this process is the migration of W and Co atoms driven by diffusion of carbon atoms .

其残留奥氏体相（RA）中碳原子是处于八面体间隙的位置，并在高温淬火过程中间隙碳原子会发生偏聚。

The carbon atoms in austenite occupy at octahedral site and will segregate at high temperature quenching .

相同疏水碳原子的化合物，短侧链碳数少的化合物CMC低；

The compound with smaller carbon number of short side chain held the lower CMC .

碳原子跃迁的Stark加宽

The Stark Broadening of Carbon Atom Transition

金刚石与硬质合金钎焊接头中，活性元素Ti原子与金刚石表面的碳原子在高温下反应生成了连续的TiC膜。

And in the joint , a continuous TiC film was generated by Ti reacted with carbon on the surface of diamond film .

由于手性碳原子的存在，与其相邻亚甲基的质子峰在~1HNMR谱上清楚地发生分裂。

Due to the existence of a chiral carbon , the peaks of methylene protons adjacent to it clearly split on the ￣ 1H NMR spectra .

DNA甲基化（DNAMethylation）是目前已知的唯一天然的DNA共价修饰方式，由DNA转移酶催化，将S-腺苷甲硫氨酸上的甲基转移到胞嘧啶嘌呤环的第五位碳原子上。

DNA methylation is the only known covalent modification of DNA molecule . It is accomplished by transfer of the methyl group from S-adenosyl methionine to 5 position of the purine ring of cytosine .

类硫叶立德自由基（·CHSH2）中单电子π键中的电子主要在碳原子附近运动，属于单电子π（C→S）配键，所以其C&S键的强度比相应的产物要弱。

The electron in the π bond of S-ylide-like radical appears mainly near the C atom . It has π( C → S ) bond character , therefore it is weaker than the C-S bond in the corresponding product .

醇：在烃链的一个或多个碳原子上附着一个或多个羟基（OH）的一类有机化合物。

Alcohol : Any of a class of common organic compounds that contain one or more hydroxyl groups ( - OH ) attached to one or more of the carbon atoms in a hydrocarbon chain .

这是因为醋酸是含有2个碳原子的有机酸，对反硝化细菌毒性大，使菌体内DNA和ATP受到破坏，细菌失去脱氮作用所致。

The reason is that acetic acid is a two & carbon organic acid which suppresses the denitrifying bacteria by disrupting their DNA and ATP , thereby depriving the bacteria of denitrification capacity .

稀土渗入钢基体和VC渗层，会增大晶体缺陷密度，使碳原子扩散易于进行。

Permeating of rare earths into steel and the VC layer increase the crystal fault density , and , together with its excellent chemical activation , makes carbon atoms diffuse easily .

石墨烯（graphene）是单原子厚度的碳原子层，其结构与展开的碳纳米管相似。

Graphene is a layer of carbon atoms with the thickness of a single atom . Its structure is similar to that of carbon nanotube .

结合X射线光电子能谱，研究了末端基团中碳原子的结合能与相应硫醇分子电导的关系。

Combining the X-ray photoelectron spectrum ( XPS ) analysis and CAFM , we have further studied the relationship between the conductance of SAM and the C1s binding energy of the terminal group of the molecule .

稠环芳烃（polycyclicaromatichydrocarbons，PAHs）是一类由两个或两个以上苯环彼此共用两个相邻的碳原子连接起来的化合物。

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons ( PAHs ) are a sort of hydrocarbons that have two or more phenyls by sharing two contiguous carbon atoms at their molecular structures .

当平行磁场在石墨烯平面内沿x轴方向时，我们研究了磁场对碳原子之间的跃迁参数的影响。

We considered a magnetic field applied in the x-direction inside the plane of the graphene lattice and investigated how varying this magnetic field affects the hopping parameters between the carbon atoms that make up the lattice .

计算结果表明，随着合金中Fe含量的增加，甲烷解离的反应中间体的吸附会逐渐增强，有利于表面碳原子的形成。

The calculated results show that , with the increase of the Fe content , the adsorption of the reaction intermediates involved in methane dissociation is strengthened , which facilitates the formation of surface C atoms .