核基因组

PSRP-1（S30／S22）是由核基因组编码的叶绿体核糖体特有的蛋白，组成叶绿体核糖体的30S小亚基。

PSRP-1 encoded by the nuclear genome constitutes the 30S subunit of chloroplast ribosomes .

东乡野生稻核基因组SSLP分析

SSLP Analysis of Nuclear Genome in Dongxiang Wild Rice

在高等生物的核基因组中，同义密码首先考虑C、G；

C and G were considered firstly in the genomes of high grade organisms .

微卫星序列广泛存在于各类真核基因组中，是一种简单序列重复（Simplesequencerepeats，SSR）。

Microsatellites , simple sequence repeats ( SSR ), are distributed throughout the eukaryote genomes .

来自核基因组的ITS片段其PCR产物比较容易获得，但其序列的测定存在较多问题。

The PCR products of ITS were easily obtained , but there were still many problems in sequencing ;

近年来线粒体DNA（mitochondrialDNA，mtDNA）成为肿瘤学研究的热点之一，它是核基因组之外的一种重要的DNA物质，比核基因更容易受多种致癌因子的影响而发生突变。

Recently , mitochondrial DNA ( mt DNA ) , an important group of gene outside nucleus , has become a hotspot in oncology .

由于线粒体基因组缺乏组蛋白的保护和有效的DNA修复系统以及长期处于氧化磷酸化产生的氧自由基的环境中，线粒体基因组具有较高的突变率，大概是核基因组的10倍。

Furthermore , mtDNA is known for having high acquired mutation rates . The mutation rate for mtDNA is around 10 times higher than that of nuclear genomic DNA .

通过MEGABLAST搜索程序在家蚕核基因组中搜索到核线粒体假基因序列。

Nuclear mitochondrial pseudogene sequences were detected in the nuclear genome of B. mori with the MEGA BLAST search program .

我们在许多数据集上进行了大量的测试，从小的BAC数据到大的整个真核基因组。

We test it under variety data set , from prokaryotic to eukaryotic genomes .

结果：经PCR和PCR-Southern检测证明PG反义基因已整合进樱桃核基因组中。

Results : The PCR and PCR-Southern tests showed that the anti-polygalacturonase gene was integrated into P.pseudocerasus genome .

细菌人工染色体是1992年以来发展起来的一种新型克隆载体，用于构建人、动物、植物核基因组DNA大片段插入文库。

Bacterial artificial chromosome ( BAC ) as a kind of new vector has been developed since 1992 . They have been used to construct large fragment insert libraries of genome DNA in human , animals and plants .

采用DNAdotblot、Southernblot、RNAdotblot和大田攻毒试验证实抗菌肽B基因已整合到再生植株的核基因组中，获得了高水平的表达，产生较强的抗病效果。

DNA dot blot , Southern blot , RNA dot blot and field infection with bacteria proved that Cecropin B gene was integrated into genomes of the regenerated plants and expressed at high level with higher anti-bacteria ability .

人线粒体基因组包括1500多个基因，分属于线粒体DNA（mtDNA）和核基因组DNA（nDNA）两个部分。

The human mitochondrial genome consists of approximate 1 500 genes , among which 37 are encoded by the mitochondrial DNA ( mtDNA ) and the remainder encoded in the nuclear DNA ( nDNA ) .

用BLAST进行同源性分析发现它们编码的核苷酸序列与一些芸薹属作物、拟南芥、大豆、花生等核基因组部分序列、耐热相关蛋白mRNA序列以及一些假基因和假定蛋白mRNA序列有较高同源性。

BLAST analysis of its nucleotide sequence found a high homology with the portion of nuclear genome of the other crops of Brassica rapra , Arabidopsis thaliana , Soybean and Peanut , heat shock associated protein mRNA , hypothetical protein mRNA and pseudo gene .

由于叶绿体基因组编码能力有限，叶绿体中绝大多数蛋白质由核基因组编码的，其中相当一部分属于PPR蛋白家族。

Due to the limited encoding capability of plastid genome , most chloroplast proteins are encoded by nuclear genes and a large portion of them are PPR proteins .

因此，本研究选取了COI、线粒体核糖体大亚基（16S）以及核基因组核糖体RNA间隔区（ITS）三种片段比较其作为水母类鉴定的有效性。

We examined the COI , nuclear genome ribosomal RNA spacer ( ITS ) and mitochondrial ribosomal large subunit ( 16S ) of three fragments in the molecular identification of Medusa as a means of effectiveness .

目前关于高血压病遗传基因的研究着重于核基因组中可疑致病基因及遗传标志的评估，线粒体基因（mtDNA）突变在高血压发病中的作用仍是一个新的研究领域。

Studies to identify " hypertension " genes have focused on the assessment of markers and candidate genes in the nuclear genome . What role that mitochondrial DNA ( mtDNA ) variations play in the pathogenesis of hypertension is still needed to search for .

例如，与蓝藻相比，高等植物ndhL–O基因已从叶绿体转移到了核基因组，以及ndhF基因丢失了多个拷贝。

For examples , in contrast to cyanobacteria , ndhL – O genes of higher plants transferred from chloroplasts to nuclear genomes , and several copies of ndhF gene lost .

小麦细胞质雄性不育与不同核基因组及其染色体的关系

Relationship Between Cytoplasmic Male Sterility and Nuclear Genome and / or Its Chromosome

植物质体转化开辟了除核基因组之外的另一条遗传转化途径，10几年来取得了很大的进展。

The plastid transformation of plant has become an alternative to genetic engineering besides nuclear genome .

结果表明，目的基因已整合进茄子核基因组中。

The results showed that the target genes had been integrated into the genome of the eggplant plantlets .

烟草种间的体细胞杂交&Ⅰ.通过原生质体融合将波缘烟草部分核基因组转移给普通烟草

Interspecific Somatic Hybridization in Nicotiana ⅰ . Transfer of Partial Genome from N.undulata into N.tabacum by Protoplast Fusion

虽然这些物种都是二倍体并且含有相同数量的染色体但是杂交体和亲本间核基因组大小仍不相同。

The nuclear-genome size differences between the hybrids and their parental taxa occur in spite of the fact that all species possess the same number of chromosomes and are diploids .

推测线粒体和核基因组之间的相互作用出现紊乱，并导致异种克隆胚胎的发育停滞，其具体机制还需进一步研究。

We presume the interaction between the mitochondrial and nuclear genome emergence disorder , and lead to the cloned embryos arrested development , and its specific mechanisms have yet to be further study .

除此而外它还具有许多重要的生物学特征：母系遗传模式，非常低的重组率，所含的基因组较小且基因含量相对稳定，相对于核基因组有较高的突变率，结构简单等。

Moreover , the mitochondrion possess many biological characteristics such as maternal inheritance , small size , constant gene content , a relatively high mutation rate , very low recombination rate and Simple construction .

与核基因组相比，其分子量小，缺乏组蛋白保护，易受致癌物攻击，且其缺乏损伤修复系统，因此是致癌物的重要靶点。

In comparison with nuclear genome , mitochondrial DNA is an important target of carcinogens for its small molecular weight , absence of protection by histone , easily attacked by carcinogens and absence of damage repair systems .

结果表明，转基因水稻材料分离的形成与其核基因组的遗传不稳定性有关，而与玉米基因片断导入受体细胞质以及环境因素的影响无关。

It was found that the genetic instability of the transgenic rice line was introduced to the instability of nuclear genome of the transgenic rice line , and its expression could not be affected by cytoplasm of the transgenic rice line itself .

其中核苷酸的组成偏好是影响核基因组的首要因素，而粳稻叶绿体和线粒体则主要受到基因表达水平的影响。

However , nucleotide compositional bias was the major factor in accounting for the variation of codon usage in the rice nuclear genome . On the contrary , the codon usage of the japonica rice chloroplast and mitochondrion genomes were mainly attributable to the gene expression level .

由于线粒体DNA属于核外基因组，使其应用受到一些限制。

Though better effects achieved , as a cytoplasmic genome the application of mitochondrial DNA is limited .

紫外线暴露对系统性红斑狼疮患者外周血单核细胞基因组DNA甲基化水平的影响

Effects of Ultraviolet B Exposure on DNA Methylation of Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells from Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Patients