技术模仿

技术模仿、人力资本积累与经济赶超

Technological Imitation , Human Capital Accumulation and Economic Catching-up

技术模仿的外部障碍与内部障碍

External and Inner Obstacles of Technological Imitation

其中采用技术模仿创新是重要战略选择。

There by using imitating innovation is a very important strategy .

我们常常用组织微阵列技术模仿图像引导的小的活检标本。

Tissue microarray methodology was used to simulate small image-guided biopsies .

进口开放式的技术模仿路径引致的技术进步作用在整体上已趋缓。

The technology growth due to the import-open imitation had slowed down .

技术模仿、技术创新的战略选择模型和经济增长

Toward the Strategic Modeling and Economic Growth of Technology Imitation and Innovation

转型期技术模仿与创新研究：一个需求模型分析

Technology Imitation and Innovation Research at Transformation Period : Analysis Base on a Demand Model

我国中小企业技术模仿创新战略分析

Analysis on the Technological Imitative Innovation Strategy in the Medium and Small-sized Enterprises of Our Country

由技术模仿创新所决定的制度移植变迁是后发展区域制度变迁的主要形式；

Institution transplant decided by technology imitation creation is a main form of late-developing regions institution change .

我国现有整体人力资本已达到进行有效技术模仿的临界值，技术模仿对我国经济的贡献已凸显出来，但同时也存在区域差异；

The current human capital accumulation has reached the threshold effect of imitation , while the regional discrepancy still exists .

国际代工企业不仅有利于跨国公司实现资源全球配置，也有利于中国企业消化过剩产能、技术模仿以及进入国际市场。

It helps transnational corporations realize worldwide resource allocation , besides , favors Chinese companies to relieve production overcapacity , technological imitation and enter international market .

显在的“后发优势”表现为技术模仿，“后发劣势”表现为制度改革的滞后。

While the main advantage comes from the possibility of technological imitation , the most conspicuous disadvantage lies in their lag in reform of the system .

在训练中要注意配以适当的柔韧练习和力量训练后的技术模仿练习，有助于快速发展专项力量。

In the training should pay attention to with appropriate flexibility exercises and in strength training after technical imitation , contribute to the rapid development of Special Forces .

这就让人们不得不从体制的源头来考虑，必须从体制再造上来防范和控制这些弊端，而不仅仅是技术模仿。

So we have to consider these malpractice from the source of system and prevent and control them through system remaking , not only " technical imitation " .

第五章是汽车产业后发优势的形成路径，路径包括技术模仿创新、战略联盟、承接产业转移、利用外资优势。

Chapter five is the paths of advantage of backwardness in auto industry , including technical innovation , strategic alliances , following the transfer of industries , foreign investment advantages .

根据可持续的内生经济增长模型可以判定，我国转型经济整体上已经越过了技术模仿战略主导与技术创新战略主导转换临界点。

It can be assumed from the endogenous economy growth model that , the transition economy in China had passed over the critical state from the technological imitation to creation .

要积极地推进中小企业技术模仿创新战略的进程，必须加大中小企业人力资本的投资，建立和完善中小企业的网络设施，完善和优化对中小企业的机构服务以及采取虚拟技术模仿创新形式等举措。

It includes enlarging the investment of human capitals , establishing and perfecting the network facilities , improving and optimizing the organizational services and applying computer techniques to imitative innovation .

对后发优势的涵义、类型、性质进行了概括总结，为主体打下基础；从理论上分析了技术模仿创新和制度创新对贸易发展的作用机制，阐述了后发优势与对外贸易发展关系；

This paper summarize the implication type and nature of advantage of backwardness to make the foundation of technical innovation and system innovation building the function mechanism to the trade development .

面对挑战，选择和实施技术模仿创新战略是我国中小企业以最小的代价、最快的速度追赶世界先进水平的现实途径。

To meet this challenge , implementing technological imitative innovation strategy is a realistic way for the medium and small-sized enterprises to catch up with the world 's advanced level at least cost and highest speed .

第二章是关于技术模仿创新的理论述评，主要按照模仿创新的定义、方式、影响因素以及模仿创新与自主创新的关系的文献进行了阐述和总结。

The second chapter is about the of theoretical technology imitative innovation , main discussed and summarized in this paper according to literature of the definition , imitation innovation mode , influence factors and imitative innovation and independent innovation relations .

文章认为这转换的基础是一个从资本深化到资本分化过程，即物质资权什人力资本、研发资本演化的过程；也是一个从技术模仿到技术创新的转换过程。

The paper figures the transition basis as a process from capital deepening to capital differentiation , namely the evolvement process of material capital , human capital and RD capital , in other words , a transition process from technology imitation to technology innovation .

美国的技术模仿对经济增长的影响最大，其次依次为技术溢出和技术创新，技术模仿呈现显著的正面效应，技术溢出呈现显著的负面效应，技术创新呈现不显著的负面效应。

The United States technological imitation has the greatest impact on economic growth , followed by technological spillover and technological innovation , technological imitation presents a significant positive effect , technology spillover shows a significant negative effect , technological innovation has an insignificant negative effect .

我国现有的创新多表现出来一种单纯的技术模仿和知识的嫁接，仅依靠抄袭是不能形成自有的知识核心竞争力，因此，要想发展就必须解决创新动力不足的问题。

In China , existing innovations appear to be pure imitations in technology and graft on knowledge . Based on plagiarism only , enterprises would not establish a owned-intellectual core competitiveness . Therefore , it is essential to resolve the problem of lacking motive power to achieve development .

这种新技术，模仿了光合作用的过程时，利用太阳能把水分裂成氢气和氧气。

The new technology , modeled on the process of photosynthesis , uses solar energy to split water into hydrogen and oxygen .

以前单纯的以技术引进模仿创新的技术创新方式并不能从根本上解决我国企业发展的动力和后劲问题。

The previous mode of technology introduction-technology imitation-technology innovation cannot solve the problem of the dynamics and persistence that determine the development of enterprise .

同时，重庆市的企业普遍较为认同技术引进模仿的技术创新模式，这同基于重庆市区域特色的企业自身的技术发展水平是相适应的。

Meanwhile , these enterprises generally agree to adopt the model to bring in the mimic technology , which keeps in line with its technological development level .

软件开发者没有为他们的设计申请专利和许可，而是互相征询模仿点子的许可，或者有时利用开源技术直接模仿。

Rather than patenting and licensing their designs , developers ask each other permission to mimic an idea or do so on their own , sometimes using open-source technology .

应用自蔓延技术，模仿排气管形状制备了金属陶瓷内衬涂层的简单试件，并进行了热震性试验。

The coat cermet of pipe is made according to the figures of exhaust pipe by using the Self-Propagating High-temperature Synthesis ( SHS ) technology and the hot concussion examination is also carried through .

据说，深度学习和神经网络等技术会模仿人脑：它们会识别大量数据集中各种大的模式，以实现对图片的归类、识别声音和做出决定。

Techniques such as deep learning and neural networks supposedly mimic the human brain : they spot broad patterns in enormous data sets in order to label images , recognise voices and make decisions .

群智能优化技术是模仿自然界群体生物行为特征而产生的一类新兴智能优化算法，该算法在没有集中控制且不提供全局模型的前提下，为求解复杂问题的最优解提供了更好的方法。

Swarm intelligence optimization technique is such an algorithm developed from mimicking social behavior of animals in the natural environment . The algorithm can be used to solve complicated optimization problem , without requiring centralized control and global modeling .