大地高

GPS测得的是大地高，而实际上需要的是正常高。

The height from GPS surveying is geodetic height while normal height is needed in reality .

本文提出了一种利用线性回归理论解决GPS大地高向正常高转换问题的新方法。

In this paper , a new method to solve the problem of transforming GPS geodetic height into normal height by using the linear regression theory has been presented .

GPS高程转换中大地高粗差探测方法

Method of Gross Error Detection in GPS Height Transformation

高差对GPS大地高测量精度的影响

Effect of height difference on GPS vertical accuracy

如何将GPS大地高转化咸水准高程，并使其保持一定的精度，一直是人们研究的热点。

So it 's always a hot topic how to transform GPS ellipsoidal height into level elevation and to keep certain accuracy .

将GPS获得的大地高转换为各地区所使用的正常高，一直是众所关心的研究课题。

It is a question for study or discussion to change ellipsoidal height given by GPS into normal height for using in a small area .

GPS伪星定位测量技术是近年兴起的新兴技术，它可以全面改善GPS测量在垂直方向（大地高）的精度，从而全面提升GPS的性能。

As a new technology developed in recent years , pseudolites can completely improve the GPS V precision and the total precisions of GPS network .

介绍了与GPS高程系统有关的几个主要概念，即大地高系统、正高系统、正常高系统及垂线偏差；

This paper introduced the conceptions concerning GPS height system , such as geodetic , orthometric and normal height system and deflection of the vertical .

讨论了应用GPS测量重力点的大地高，从而获得地面点的扰动重力（或称纯重力异常）值这样新的重力边值条件，如何从理论与实际上确定重力场的问题。

This paper discusses the problem of gravity field determination by application of such a new gravity boundary condition as the disturbing gravity by use of GPS .

GPS已开始在中小城市控制测量中得到应用，如何将GPS提供的大地高转化为中小城市控制测量所实用的正常高-直是个尚待研究解决的课题。

In the GPS control surveys of small and medium-sized city , a new problem is how to transform ellipsoid height supplied by GPS into normal height .

为了改善GPS大地高向正常高转换的精度，提出了基于二次曲面的周期拟合解算GPS高程异常的新思路。

In order to improve the precision from GPS geodetic heights to normal heights , a new method of solving GPS heigh anomaly based on quadric function is advanced .

GPS高程转换中，大地高的精度将直接影响转换后正常高的精度，为此大地高的粗差探测是比较重要的一个环节。

The accuracy of Orthometric Height will be directly affected by ellipsoidal height precision during GPS height transformation , therefore , the detection of gross error is very important .

本文通过对地球正常重力场理论公式的分析，认为可以采用GPS测量的大地高进行重力高度改正。

Based on analysing theoretical formula of normal gravity field of the earth , the author holds that the geodetic elevation of GPS survey might ha adopted for cavity altitude correction .

基于大地高建立了深度基准面的DTM模型，从而实现海洋深度基准面的连续无缝。

This paper build the DTM model of depth datum based on ellipsoidal height for seamless depth datum .

利用DEM计算GPS控制点的ζT，再结合移除恢复技术，可以显著提高局部地区的GPS大地高转换为正常高的精度。

The accuracy of height transformation of the GPS height can be improved greatly in local mountain areas by employing the remove-and-recover technique after ζ _T of each GPS point calculated using DEM .

GPS测量所提供的高程为相对于WGS84椭球的GPS大地高，而我国使用的是正常高。

The elevation provided by GPS survey is the GPS geodetic height based on WGS-84 ellipsoid parameter , and the normal height is used in China .

尽管GPS能提供高精度的三维坐标，然而由于GPS测定的高程是相对于参考椭球面的大地高，而不是测量中通常所需要的相对于似大地水准面的正常高。

Although GPS can provide high-precision three-dimensional coordinates , but as a result of GPS elevation , its relative to the earth reference ellipsoid high , rather than high-normal is usually required in relation to the quasi-geoid .

GPS高程是相对于WGS-84椭球体的大地高，因此，在工程应用中，GPS高程需要转换为正常高。

The adjusted GPS height is the height above the surface of the WGS-84 ellipsoid . It is necessary to convert a GPS height into a normal height in engineering .

通过实例验证：GPS高程拟合的精度主要取决于GPS大地高的精度、重合点正常高的精度、重合点的分布及拟模型的选择。

Through verification of living examples , the accuracy of GPS height fitting is mainly dependent on the accuracy of GPS geodetic height , accuracy of coincident point normal height , coincident point 's distribution and fitting model selection .

利用GPS水准高程来实现GPS网点的大地高向正常高转换，其精度主要受所拟合的似大地水准面、已知点高程和GPS网点的大地高三种误差的影响。

The ellipsoidal height can be converted into normal height using the height of GPS leveling , its fitting precision will be impacted mainly by the errors of known point elevation the ellipsoidal height of GPS points and the quasigeoid .

为充分发挥GPS可以提供高精度三维坐标的优越性，尤其是GPS高程测量在工程测量中的应用，必须实现GPS大地高向正常高的转换。

In order to make full use of the superiority of GPS that can provide the high precision three-dimensional coordinates , particularly the application of GPS height in engineering survey , we have to convert GPS height to normal one .

在大范围区域内，其平面定位精度是常规测量技术难以比拟的，而在高程定位上，GPS只能提供给我们高精度的大地高，而非工程应用中所使用的正常高。

The accuracy of conventional technology can not match to the plane positioning of GPS , but in the elevation positioning aspect , GPS only can provide for us the high accuracy geodetic height , but not the normal height of the engineering application .

利用GPS定位的原始高程，通过二次曲面拟合，将大地高转化为正常高，将转换后的GPS高程和水准高程比较，表明GPS高程可以满足一定精度的测绘工程需要。

Using GPS positioning original height , GPS geodetic height can be transformed into normal height by conicoid fitting . Through comparison between GPS height after transformed and leveling height , GPS height after transformed can need certain precision requirement of surveying and mapping engineering .

GPS地心坐标与地理坐标变换公式是GPS应用中的常用公式，对其进行只改变大地高的公式推演可以用来估计天线量高误差及垂直沉降分析。

The changing equation between GPS earth core coordinate and geography coordinate is a common one in GPS application . The equation deduction was performed to only change the elevations so as to evaluate the measured errors of the antenna height and perform the vertical settlement analysis .

坐标转换中大地高对平面坐标和高程的影响

On the influence of ellipsoidal height on grid frame and height in coordinate transformation

大地高的直接应用，省略了水准测量和高程拟合换算成正常高的步骤，并保证了精度。

The direct application of GPS hight omits leveling and height fitting , in addition ensures the accuracy .

并介绍了有关参考椭球面与大地高、大地水准面与正高、似大地水准面与正常高的概念。

And introduces reference ellipsoid and geodetic height , geoid and orthometric , like the geoid and normal height .

由大地高求出准确的正常高，通常应用有限元法或多面函数法等单一拟合模型来拟合高程异常曲面。

When geodetic height is used to calculate normal height , simple model of Finite Element Method or Multisurface Function was always used to approximate abnormal height surface .

通过改变选定的重合点上的大地高，求得两套转换参数，并比较这两套转换参数求得的高斯平面坐标。

It provides two sets of transformation parameter through altering the ellipsoidal height of the points selected and then compares the two sets of gauss coordinate obtained from the two sets of transformation parameter .

鉴于54坐标点的大地高通常不能精确得知，对这两种转换方法得到的平面坐标的精度进行了比较，得出大地高精度主要表现为对高程的影响，对平面坐标影响较小的结论。

Because the ellipsoidal height on Beijing-54 ellipse usually can not be precisely known , this paper analyze the influence on plane coordinate precision and draws the conclusion that the precision of the plane coordinate influenced by the ellipsoidal height is very small .