可交换态

不同钝化剂和培养时间对Cd污染土壤中可交换态Cd的影响

Effects of Different Amendments and Incubation Times on Exchangeable Cadmium in Contaminated Soils

Pb主要分布在可交换态、残渣态中和铁锰氧化物结合态中。

Pb was dominated by exchangeable fraction , residual fraction and iron-manganese oxide .

砂土中Cd、Pb可交换态含量高于壤土和粘土。

The contents of Cd and Pb of the exchange form in sandy soil were higher than in loam and clay soil .

Cd的主要形态是可交换态及碳酸盐结合态。（5）巢湖西部湖区污染最严重。

The main form of Cd is exchangeable and carbonate fraction . ( 5 ) The west area of Chao Lake is most seriously polluted .

通过模拟实验，研究了土壤pH对水稻土、紫色土和黄壤的水溶态、可交换态、碳酸盐态、铁锰氧化态、有机结合态和残渣态Cd含量的影响。

The effect of soil pH on various chemical species of cadmium in paddy soil , purple soil and yellow soil was studied by a series of simulated experiments .

沉积物中可交换态NH4~+-N的时空分布与沉积物氧化还原状况有关，与TN呈显著正相关；

The distribution of exchangeable NH4 + - N in the sediments had relationship with Eh and total nitrogen ( TN );

化学形态研究表明，Pb和Zn在土壤中主要表现为铁锰氧化物结合态与残渣态，而Cd的情况与Pb和Zn完全相反，其形态以可交换态为主。

Sequential extraction results give the deep impression of occupied chemical forms of Pb and Zn being Fe Mn oxide bound and residue forms , while Cd dominating as the exchangeable form .

相关分析表明：锑矿区构树的POD、SOD、CAT酶活性与土壤中锑元素可交换态和碳酸盐结合态有显著相关性，与锑有机结合态呈负相关，与残渣态无相关性。

Correlation analysis showed that : the POD , SOD , CAT and MDA activity was significantly correlated with the exchangeable and carbonate form of Sb , no correlation with the residual .

土壤Pb、Zn形态分析结果显示，与非根际土壤相比，多数作物根际可交换态、碳酸盐结合态、有机质结合态Pb比例降低，而铁锰氧化物结合态、残渣态Pb则显著增加；

Comparing with control soil , exchangeable , bound to carbonate compounds and bound to organic matter Pb decreased slightly , but bound to Fe-Mn oxides and residual Pb increased significantly in rhizospheric soil .

Cd的组成十分特殊，其可交换态和铁锰氧化物结合态的含量非常高，而残渣态含量很低：尽管土壤中重金属可交换态含量较低，但对土壤生态环境有严重的风险。

While the Cd was special for its high exchangeable and Fe-Mn oxide and low residual ; though the rate of exchangeable species of heavy metals were low in soil , the ecological risk were high .

运用连续提取的方法，对几类污染物质进行Cd，Zn，Cu和Mn等元素的可交换态、吸附态、有机态、碳酸盐结合态和残余态测定。

Successive extraction method was adopted to determine exchangeable form , adsorbed form , organic form , carbonated form and residual form of Cd , Zn , Cu , Mn in several polluted soils and sediments .

结果表明：Zn主要以可交换态和可还原态形式存在于污泥中，Cu和Pb主要以可氧化态形式存在，Ni，Cr，Mo主要以残渣态赋存。

The results showed that Zn existed in sludge mainly in exchangeable form and reducible form , Cu and Pb mainly in oxidizable form , and Ni , Cr , and Mo mainly in residual form .

外源Cd加入后，随有机酸浓度增加，柠檬酸使可交换态Cd比例显著提高，在10mmol/kg时基本达到最大值，而苹果酸能更有效提高碳酸盐结合态Cd含量。

After external Cd entered , with higher concentration of organic acids added , citric acid can make percentage content of exchangeable Cd significantly increased , and basically reached the peak under the concentration of 10mmol / kg .

对各元素的相态与轻烃及各有机指标进行聚类分析，发现虽然可交换态的Cu、Fe、Ni在元素各相态中所占的比例较少，但却是指示油气存在的有效指标。

The cluster analysis between various element phases and light hydrocarbons and organic indexes show that the exchangeable phase of Cu , Fe and Ni could indicate the oil gas indirectly although their proportions are few in various phases .

与石灰、海泡石相比，施入赤泥处理土壤中可交换态Cd分别降低了1.81%和3.55%，糙米中镉含量分别下降了17.39%和26.32%。

Compared with lime and sepiolite treatment , soil exchangeable Cd in the red mud treatment was decreased by 1.81 % and 3.55 % respectively , and Cd content in brown rice was decreased by 17.39 % and 26.32 % respectively .

通过土壤旱作和淹水2种培养方式，研究了不同时期添加外源稀土对黄褐土中稀土和重金属Fe、Mn、Zn可交换态含量的影响。

The effects of extraneous rare earths ( REs ) on the form of exchangeable REs and heavy metals Fe , Mn and Zn in yellow cinnamon soil in different terms were studied through soil culture in both dry and inundated condition .

外源重金属进入土壤后，Cd主要以可交换态为主，而Pb主要以铁锰氧化物结合态为主，各形态质量分数随外源重金属浓度的增加而增加，残渣态百分含量逐渐降低。

After external heavy metal entered soil , exchangeable Cd and Fe-Mn oxide-bound Pb became the majority . Each form concentration increased with the concentration of external heavy metal added , but residual fraction is the lowest with a decreasing trend . 2 .

污泥单一添加粉煤灰或者钢渣堆肥化却能有效降低Cd的可交换态，并得出当粉煤灰和钢渣的添加量分别为干污泥质量的14%和7%时，Cd的可交换态百分含量最低。

When adding single fly ash or steel slag in the sludge , Cd exchangeable fraction can be reduced . effectively passivated , and conclude that the optimum amount of fly ash or steel slag is14 % and7 % of the dry sludge mass .

北碚区城市土壤表层重金属Pb的不同形态的含量为残渣态碳酸盐结合态铁锰氧化物结合态可交换态有机结合态。

The contact of genesis in different soil layers is disrupted and even not existing . ( 4 ) The sequence of different forms of Pb in urban soil surface of Beibei was bount to residual carbonate fraction Fe-Mn oxide bound exchangeable fraction bound to organic matter .

沉积物中生物和化学作用产生的可交换态氮含量大亚湾最高，厦门湾次之，南海珠江口最低，分别为40.5mg／kg、37.4mg／kg和35.1mg/kg。

Sediment from Daya Bay has higher content of exchangeable nitrogen than those from South China Sea and Xiamen Bay , average contents are 40.5mg / kg , 35.1mg/kg and 37.4mg/kg respectively .

沉积物中5种重金属元素都以残渣态为主要存在形态，Cd和Pb的可交换态及Cu和Zn的有机态含量很高，说明这4种元素对环境都有一定的潜在威胁性。

Through chemical speciation analysis , the residual speciation was the major species for those five metals in sediments . And the exchangeable speciation of Cd and Pb and organic speciation of Cu and Zn were also relatively high which indicated that they all have potential risk to environment .

土壤中重金属可交换态分析方法的研究

Analytical Methods Research on Exchangeable Form of Heavy Metals in Soil

而活性较强的可交换态和碳酸盐结合态所占比例较低。

But the proportion of exchange faction and carbonate is low .

镉可交换态含量呈现在中间层较高的现象；

The amount of exchangeable cadmium is the highest in middle soil layer .

外源稀土对土壤中稀土和重金属可交换态的影响

Effect of Extraneous Rare Earths ( REs ) on Form of Soil Exchangeable REs and Heavy Metals

红枫湖、百花湖沉积物全氮、可交换态氮和固定铵的赋存特征

Distribution of Total , Exchangeable and Fixed Nitrogen in the Sediments of Two Lakes in Guizhou Province

结果表明：在沉积物和县浮物中，碱金属元素（锂、钠、钾）主要以残渣态和可交换态存在；

Alkaline metals ( Li , Na , and K ) exist mainly in residual and exchangeable forms .

锑矿区构树各酶活性与镉元素的可交换态，碳酸盐结合态，铁锰氧化态与有机结合态呈极显著相关，与残渣态无显著相关性。

There is significantly correlated with the exchangeable , carbonate , Fe-Mn oxide and organic form of Cd .

以易还原态形式存在于铁氧化物相中的铊最少，为5.4%.自然条件下铊的释放主要是酸可交换态铊和可氧化态铊的释放迁移过程。

The release and migration behaviors of thallium in pyrite were mainly derived from acid-exchangeable and oxidable state thallium at natural environment .

主要形态包括可交换态、残留态、铁锰氧化还原态、碳酸盐态和有机态等。

The fates of soil heavy metals consist of exchangeable , residual , Fe-Mn redox extracted , carbonate extracted and organic extracted fractions .