信贷限制

想想看，2009年的某天，每一个地方政府早上醒来发现，中央取消了经济中每一种形式的信贷限制，他表示。

Think about it : every local government wakes up one morning in 2009 and finds that the central authorities have lifted every single form of credit restriction in the economy , he says .

所有人都在试图绕开信贷限制。

Everyone is trying to get around the credit restrictions .

最惊人的例子就是大萧条时期严厉的信贷限制。

The most spectacular examples of severe credit constraints came in the great depression .

一种解释是，信贷限制阻碍了研发，进而损害了创新。

One suggestion is that credit constraints undermine research and development and so innovation .

放松银根减少对获得货币的限制政策，例如放松信贷限制。

Monetary ease policy of reducing restrictions on the availability of money , e.g.by easing credit restrictions .

第二个希望是，信贷限制导致的供应方的优胜劣汰将提高幸存者的收益。

The second hope is that a credit constraint-led culling of supply will improve profitability for the survivors .

假定企业面临信贷限制，这个限制在较低金融发展水平下显得更紧。

We also assume that firms face credit constraints , with the constraint being tighter at a lower level of financial development .

目前国际市场的原油价格在大约40美元一桶的价位徘徊，汽车公司的主管们承认，这种情况减少了消费者购买更为昂贵的电动汽车的吸引力，疲软的经济和紧缩的信贷限制已经使他们不堪负担。

With oil currently hovering around $ 40 a barrel , auto executives admit it makes purchasing a more expensive electric vehicle less appealing to consumers already suffering from a weak economy and tight credit restrictions .

相反，积极的货币政策遵循的是放松实体经济信贷限制的战略，而通胀威胁得到正确判断：在当前环境下，这不过是纯粹的理论风险，可不予理会。

Instead , an active monetary policy has pursued a strategy of easing credit restraints on the real economy , and the threat of inflation has been rightly dismissed as a purely notional danger under present circumstances .

一方面，他们乐于看到金融行业试验表内和表外的新产品，允许金融体系通过限定利率、贷款配额、存贷比以及具体信贷限制等方式，温和地取代政府的资金分配职能。

They are happy for the financial sector to experiment with new products on - and off-balance sheet , allowing the system gently to displace state allocation of capital through decreed interest rates , loan quotas , loan-to-deposit ratios and specific credit restrictions .

这个新宣布的计划也包括了放松对信贷的限制和减税政策。

The newly announced measures also include a loosening of credit policies and tax cuts .

去年秋季，由于信贷危机限制了贸易融资，市场几乎完全陷入停滞。

It seized up almost entirely last autumn as the credit crunch restricted trade finance .

从1998年取消国有银行信贷规模限制以来，我国开始进入间接货币调控时期。

The monetary policy began to enter indirect money adjusting period since 1998 , when the credit ceiling was abolished .

声明称，对商业银行的信贷规模限制也被取消，以便为重点工程建设以及农村发展提供更多资金。

Credit limits for commercial banks will also be removed to channel more lending to priority projects and rural development , it said .

现在，信用卡、抵押贷款、房屋净值和其他种类信贷的限制越来越多，而且在可预见的未来都可能持续这种状态。

Now credit-card , mortgage , home-equity and other kinds of lending has become more restrictive , and it probably will be for the foreseeable future .

出口商游说政府放缓或是叫停人民币升值，而房地产开发商则恳求政府放宽对信贷的限制。

Exporters are lobbying the government to slow or stop the appreciation of the Chinese yuan , while real-estate developers are begging for a relaxation of the limits on credit .

政府的政策目标应该是，首先通过信贷紧缩限制住通胀预期，然后在未来三年内引导通胀率逐渐下降。

The policy goal should be to contain inflation expectation first and , through a tightening bias in credit policy , to guide inflation down gradually over the next three years .

选择之一就是放松当前对信贷的限制事实上，上周政府已开始这么做，下调了利率和小型银行的存款准备金率。

One option would be to loosen the current restrictions on credit indeed , the government started this last week when it cut interest rates and reduced reserve requirements for small banks .

德意志银行（deutschebank）欧洲并购业务联席主管汉里克阿斯拉克森（henrikaslaksen）表示，在某些情况下，本土银行占据竞争优势，因为它们的资产负债表尚未受到信贷紧缩的限制。

Henrik Aslaksen , co-head of European M & A at Deutsche Bank , said in some instances , local banks were at a competitive advantage because their balance sheets had not yet been constrained by the credit squeeze .

第三，银行现行的信贷管理制度限制了民营企业对技术改造贷款的获得；

Thirdly , loan availability is restricted by banks ' credit policy .

但是这位中央银行领导警告说，购房信贷仍然受到限制，仍然依靠政府支持项目。

But the central bank chief warned that credit for home buying remains limited and government-supported programs .

北京方面将信贷额度（限制各银行可以放贷的金额）用作主要的货币政策武器。

Beijing uses credit quotas as the main weapon in its monetary policy arsenal , limiting the amount that banks can lend .

从借贷者角度，信贷额度的限制、信贷手续的繁琐给贷款带来了困难。

From the borrowers point of view , lines of credit restrictions , credit procedures , red tape made it difficult to credit .

不过北京的确在悄俏向经济体系注入资金，鼓励银行发放更多贷款，放松信贷流通的限制。

But Beijing has been quietly injecting cash into the economy , encouraging banks to lend more and easing restraints on credit flows .

居民消费正逐渐上涨，但仍旧受到高失业率、经济增长温和、房产价格下滑以及信贷收紧的限制。

Household spending is increasing gradually , but remains constrained by high unemployment , modest income growth , lower housing wealth , and tight credit .

尤其是，所产生的影响，信贷紧缩，限制提供抵押贷款，是有负面影响的需求。

In particular , the impact of the credit crunch , by restricting the availability of mortgage finance , is having a negative effect on demand .

顾小杰称，中国银行和企业向埃塞俄比亚提供的信贷额度和限制性援助总额超过40亿美元，使中国成为埃塞俄比亚最重要的合作伙伴之一，这也解释了前文提到的格言。

In total , according to Mr Xiaojie , Chinese banks and companies are providing more than $ 4bn in credit lines and tied aid to Ethiopia , a figure that places Beijing among the country 's foremost partners and which explains the aphorism .

如今银行扩张信贷面临三大主要限制：高达20%的存款准备金率（远高于任何其他主要经济体）；75%的贷存比上限；以及每家银行的信贷配额限制。

Today there are three major restrictions on the banks ' credit expansion : the very high reserve requirement ratio of 20 per cent ( far higher than in any other major economy ); the 75 per cent cap on the loan-to-deposit ratio ; and credit quotas for each bank .

为了更好的促进农村信用社小额信贷业务的发展，我们应该从改善机构自身能力、拓展融资渠道、放宽小额信贷利率限制、完善补偿机制、创造良好信用环境等方面来努力。

In order to speed up the development of micro-finance in the rural credit cooperatives , the author thinks that we should improve the institutional capacity of their own , expand financing channel , relax restrictions , and create a favorable credit environment .