中间成本

要多管齐下，切实把流通效率提上去、中间成本降下来，真正让生产者和消费者都得到好处。

We will adopt a full range of measures to make distribution more efficient and cost-effective so as to benefit both producers and consumers .

这种新的销售模式实现了消费者与厂商之间的直接交易，节约了中间成本，成就了消费者与厂商之间的双赢。

This new mode of sale promotes the direct transaction between consumers and manufactures , which could save the intermediate costs and realize the win-win results between consumers and manufactures .

然而，随着流域地区社会经济的发展，本文认为地方政府的功能将不断弱化，相关行业直接合作将会减少制度性中间成本，形成更大范围的联盟与合作。

With development of economic , the paper argues that the government will continue to weaken , and the direct cooperation of the related industries will reduce intermediate costs . It will form a wider range of alliance and cooperation .

结果表明，使用混合成本作为通货膨胀的驱动因素在统计和经济意义上具有显著性，影响我国通货膨胀主要是资本成本与进口中间品成本；

Empirical result shows that hybrid costs are statistically significant and qualitatively important ; capital cost and intermediate imported input cost influence inflation mostly ;

第三部分在对我国商业银行中间业务成本管理的现状进行讨论的基础上，然后分析了作业成本法在中间业务实施的可行性和必要性。

The third part introduces the intermediate services and its characteristics , and then analyses the feasibility and necessity of activity-based costing method in the implementation of the intermediary business .

目前门户网站的广告机会销售主要通过价格协商的方式，这种方式不仅导致大量的中间交易成本而且分配结果常常无法达到最优。

Currently , portal websites are selling their advertising slots via negotiation which not only results in a lot of trading cost but can 't guarantee the optimal revenue of portals .

并且这种集聚现象多是由企业为节约中间投入品成本而造成的聚拢效应。

This clustering phenomenon is mostly controled by the cost of intermediate inputs .

中间业务具有成本低、收益高、对资本要求较少、风险相对小等特点。

Intermediate business of low cost , high-yielding , lower capital requirements on risk characteristics such as relatively small .

航空公司认为，中间商的成本增加了机票的价格（虽然从表面上看吃亏的是航空公司的股东）。

The airlines argue that the cost of the middlemen adds to the price of tickets ( though the superficial evidence suggests that it is airline shareholders who suffer ) .

更重要的是中间业务具有成本低、收益高、风险比较小的特点，它为西方银行带来了巨大的利润。

More importantly , the intermediary business has many advantages , such as low cost , high return , low risk and it had brought great profits to the west banks .

对于不同类型的业务，银行需要不断重复开发类似系统，这就造成银行推行中间业务的成本居高不下，新产品推出缓慢，严重阻碍了银行中间业务的发展。

For different types of businesses , the banks need to duplicate the similar system , which will definitely result in high operational costs in the intermediate business , delay the coming of new products and thus critically impede the development of the intermediate business .

除了日益显现的能源供给冲击（它将拉低电力以及多种生产所需中间原料的成本）之外，美国的劳动力成本也因中国和其他新兴市场经济体工资水平上涨而显得愈发具有吸引力。

In addition to the unfolding energy supply shock , which will lower the cost of electricity and the feed-in stock for many kinds of production , the cost of American labour looks increasingly attractive next to wage inflation in China and other emerging market economies .

Mn的加入，降低了镁基准晶中间合金的生产成本，为工业化生产提供了便利条件。

The addition of Mn could lower the production cost of Mg-based quasicrystals containing master alloy , providing beneficial conditions for industrialization .

基于中间产品的造船成本核算与控制研究

Study of Shipbuilding Cost Accounting Cost Controling Based on the Interim Productions

具体表现为，当多种最终产品之间为互补关系时，转移价格应小于中间产品的边际成本；

When final products are complementary , transfer price should be less than marginal cost of intermediate goods .

不存在外部市场时，以中间产品的边际成本为转移价格优于协议价和标准成本价。

If there are not external markets , taking the marginal cost of intermediate products as the transfer price is better than the bargain price or standard cost .

目前的研究重点是开发含钪中间合金的低成本生产新技术及含钪铝合金的工业应用。

At present , research must stress on the development of new technology for the low cost production of scandium-bearing master alloy and the industrial application of aluminum-scandium alloys .

而且，由于减少了中间环节，蔬菜成本大大降低，为购买蔬菜提供了最方便快捷的途径。

And , because of reducing the intermediate link , the vegetables cost was reduced greatly , and the most convenient and most swift way for buying vegetables was provided .

在当前房地产评估工作中间，普遍采用成本估价法、收益还原法和市场比较法这三种方法，三种方法之中，市场比较法的地位最为突出。

In the course of estimation for real estate , cost approach income approach and market comparison approach are widely used , among which market comparison approach is very prominent .

中间业务以其成本低、风险小、流转快、利润丰厚等特点，成为西方商业银行发展的重点，一些发达国家的商业银行，其中间业务是盈利的最主要来源之一。

Because of its features such as low costs , low degree of risks , fast circulation , high profits and so on , the intermediate business has become the emphasis of developing commercial banks in the west .

研究表明，在生产成本中，中间投入、沉没成本和环境成本所占比例较大。在流通费用中，绿色物流费用和绿色包装费用占流通费用支出的主要部分。

The research shows that the intermediate inputs , sunk cost , environments cost make a larger proportion in the cost of production and green logistics , green packaging cost accounts for the main part of circulation in the circulation cost .

针对寡头竞争的企业集团转移定价决策问题进行分析，得出寡头竞争的企业集团最优转移价格为集团中间产品的边际成本与最终产品的利润加成，加成比例取决于最终产品市场的竞争强度。

The paper mainly discusses the oligopoly firms ' transfer pricing strategy , and concluded that an optimal transfer price is the weighted sum of marginal cost and profit of final product , while the weighted ratio depends on competitive intensity of final products market .

然后对概念生成过程进行研究，提出先从数据库资源生成中间实体，再将中间实体映射成本体概念的新构想。

Then the research of concepts generation is described , which is finished by a new idea : firstly generating middle entities from database and then turning middle entities into concepts in the ontology .

研究结果表明，集团的中间产品的转移价格大于中间产品的边际成本。

The transfer pricing of intermediate products is higher than the marginal cost of intermediate products .